54 pages • 1 hour read
Kate BowlerA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Bowler begins the preface with the definition of “prosperity gospel:” “There is a branch of Christianity that promises a cure for tragedy. It is called by many names, but most often it is nicknamed the ‘prosperity gospel’ for its bold central claim that God will give you your heart’s desires” (xi). She describes growing up in Canada near a Mennonite community, from which she learned the beauty of a life of simplicity.
As she grew older, she found the theology and behaviors of prosperity gospel adherents intriguing and began to study this movement as a scholar. She wrote the first history of the prosperity gospel and traveled extensively, interviewing televangelists, ministers who do religious television broadcasting, and investigating their theology.
By her thirties, Bowler has fulfilled many of her dreams. She describes living a beautiful life with a husband she adores and a beautiful young son. Hired by her alma mater to an associate professor’s position, she publishes the first monograph on the prosperity gospel. Then she finds out she has cancer. She is beset by people telling the same things she heard over and over again while studying the prosperity gospel, in particular the maxim that everything happens for a reason. Whether she ever did, she no longer believes this principle.
Bowler lists three questions that everyone who encounters cancer asks themselves: “Why? God, are you here? What does this suffering mean?” (xv). The book is her attempt to reconcile the life she had before her diagnosis to the life she has after.
Bowler tells of spending three months in excruciating pain, periodically bending over, holding her stomach, and propping herself against the wall in terrible abdominal agony. She describes being in the gastroenterologist’s office when he tells her he’s not sure of the diagnosis. It might or might not be her gallbladder. She refuses to leave his office until he prescribes a test that might determine the source of her pain.
As Bowler sits behind her desk in her office, a staffer from the doctor’s calls to tell her that she has cancer and must come to the hospital immediately. Bowler goes into a sort of autopilot in which she contacts her husband Toban, then her parents, her sisters, and her friends. She goes to the hospital wearing one of her favorite dresses, and tells her friends who come to see her that they must burn her dress. She does not want to see the dress again because it is a symbol that her life has changed and will never be the same.
In a conversation with her parents, Bowler’s mother offhandedly remarks that she wants Bowler to will the baby Zach to them. Kate reminds her that Toban is perfectly all right and he will be able to take care of his son. Her mother apologizes: “Right... right... I'm sorry. Oh, honey, I'm sorry” (10). A number of individuals react to the news of her cancer by immediately coming to her while she sits on the hospital bed, getting ready for emergency surgery.
Questions of a theological nature emerge for Bowler. In particular, people around her ask if God is fair, a question she often heard people ask in other contexts. She tells the story of the Copelands, two famous televangelists who go out on their front porch the night of a tornado and pray it away from their community.
Bowler relates that, once before, she had a mysterious physical problem that made her feel that her body deserted her. This ailment conflicted with the tenets of the prosperity gospel. While she was working on her 300-page doctoral dissertation, a point arrived when she lost strength in her arms. She ended up going to 35 different doctors, none of whom were able to diagnose the condition accurately. Sometimes she had to wear both arms in slings, making the simplest tasks physically impossible.
She relays how she attended the prosperity congregation that was her home church. At first, congregants were sympathetic. Then they began to wonder why she wasn’t being healed. When she would go to prosperity churches, members wanted to take her onto the chancel steps so their preacher could heal her. Some congregants wanted to turn her over to women’s groups to lay hands on her and pray. Some wanted to take her into private little rooms and allow her to confess her sins. Prosperity people were sure there was some reason she was not being healed. In the prosperity Gospel, there is no conception of unmerited personal tragedy. All pain is deserved in some respect.
The last doctor Bowler saw, number 36, tells her definitively that she has a psychosomatic illness and wants to send her for psychological help. She writes, “he jotted down in my file that I required psychological assistance period now no one would take my physical condition seriously” (23). Distressed, Bowler bolts from his office and calls her friend Chelsea to commiserate. In the midst of dealing with this crisis, as she considers surgery that might restore strength to her arms, she discovers she is pregnant, a long-desired goal for herself and Toban. Initially, they are thrilled. Later that evening, Bowler miscarries.
Bowler relates an occasion when she and her friend Blair went to a magic show where the opening act failed, leaving the two of them laughing about the mini-disaster on stage. She writes: “In the study of religion, we use the word magic sparingly because, so often, it is employed as a cheap way of describing faiths whose supernatural forces we simply don't credit” (31).
Bowler describes what happens when the prosperity gospel does not work as touted, and returns to the search to find relief for her weak arms. Bowler resorts to many different treatments and is ready to have surgery to remove two ribs. She then hears of a physical therapist who practices an odd therapeutic protocol. Though these treatments start disappointingly, they end up working. Bowler finds her strength restored.
Bowler lists many positive occurrences that follow in the wake of these treatments. She records her first audiobook courtesy of the publisher. She wins a teaching position at a major seminary. The women in the small prosperity gospel church that she attends embrace her, saying that things now are really going her way. She ends the chapter with the description of a young man who was inseparable from a friend, who suddenly died. Because the young man and his group of prosperity friends could not believe God would let this happen, they sat around the casket praying for a full day and night. They assumed God could and would raise the deceased from the dead like Lazarus. It did not happen.
While Bowler is a scholar who documents her historical investigations, she writes her memoir, Everything Happens for a Reason, to read more like a novel than a scientific, chronological account of an event with life-changing results. In the Preface, she sets the stage for her story by briefly describing the narrative’s three background elements: the prosperity gospel, with its insistence that all events have divine intent behind them and that faithful followers can grasp these and interact with God; the loving Mennonite congregation whose acceptance and inculcation of the author proved to be her greatest source of strength; and the lurking Stage IV colorectal cancer that permanently disrupts—and perhaps will end—her life.
The narrative begins in media res, or in the middle of the action, with Bowler facing down a doctor who thinks she might or might not have gallbladder problems and is about to send her home again. By beginning with drama, Bowler aims to draw the reader in. Though she does not linger on it, Bowler implies the question: What difference in her treatment and potential outcome would it have made if she had received that CT exam three months earlier when she first sought medical help?
Throughout this first section, Bowler shares many anecdotes about her interactions with medical providers that do not reflect positively on them. When she mysteriously loses strength in her arms, she consults 36 different physicians, receiving no correct diagnosis or helpful treatment. What she does receive is condescension, misdiagnosis, and mockery. In a near miracle, she avoids a needless operation to remove two of her ribs. In the long run, it is not a physician but a physical therapist who recognizes her problem and effects healing. Bowler’s description of her three months of excruciating pain shows how she experiences a similar lack of medical insight before her cancer diagnosis. As an author given to comparing things, Bowler compares the doctors she encounters before her diagnosis to those who care for her afterward, implying a distinct contrast in the quality of attention she receives.
Bowler implies similarities between the physicians who did not properly diagnose or treat her—even though they were certain they were correct—to the multitudes of prosperity gospel believers who are absolutely certain of the relationship they have with God. “Evidence” is a prosperity catchword; adherents point to the abundance of material and life blessings they accrue as signs of “favor,” God’s way of telling them they are on the right track. When something does not go right, it is a sign that God has lessons for them to learn or that they need to be more faithful. Prosperity adherents believe that God is behind everything that happens in life; God is good all the time; if you are right with God you are ultimately going to receive good.
Bowler says this line of thinking can be compelling and attractive, if sometimes painfully silly and absurd, as when two televangelists go onto their porch in the middle of the night and pray a tornado away from their hometown out of pity for the other citizens who live there. That the prosperity gospel believes God is imminent, approachable, and answers the prayers of the faithful also necessitates that the opposite is true: There are those whose prayers God ignores. If God is good all the time, God is only good to certain, deserving people.
Bowler implies that this theology is illogical and incapable of dealing with the randomness of tragedy, severe illness, and suffering. The prosperity gospel offers no way to simply accept life’s bitter, sometimes brutal truths, which creates a theological conflict between Magical Thinking Versus Acceptance. Bowler’s anecdote of watching a magic performance in which the tricks fail is her ultimate judgment on prosperity theology: It is an analogy for how prosperity theology reduces religious faith to superstition, and how superstition fails to produce promised results.
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