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Clare B. Dunkle, Elena DunkleA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of mental illness (including psychosis), disordered eating (anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa), self-harm, and rape.
Elena spends two weeks in the children’s hospital and is then taken to an eating disorder treatment center (Drew Center), where she continues to tell herself that she doesn’t belong and doesn’t have an eating disorder. The intake nurse asks Elena lots of questions about her past and her eating habits, and Elena is happy to answer most of them (and proud to say she once went 21 days consuming nothing but juice) until she is asked about sexual assault. When asked if she has ever experienced it, Elena refuses to answer, telling the nurse it’s none of her business.
Elena is taken to her first meal, where she sits with several other girls, women, and one man. Everyone is expected to finish their meal and dessert, and if they don’t, they have to take meal replacements by feeding tube instead. A girl at the table starts to cry when she can’t bring herself to finish her cake, and Elena tries to take it from her to help her out; both girls end up in trouble for sharing food. Elena blacks out and wakes up in a hospital, where she is told by a nurse that she threw a fit and fell on her face. The doctors and nurses patronize and lecture her before taking her back to Drew Center.
The next morning, Elena and the others eat breakfast while one girl screams in a room nearby. A girl named Karen starts cutting up her pancakes into portions, and when told to stop, she yells at the nurse. Elena tries to comfort her but gets in trouble for that too and is asked to move elsewhere. There is a yellow chair at the center for “time outs,” and that’s where Elena meets a girl named Susannah, who tells Elena that she expects to be at the center forever. Elena partakes in mandatory groups like art and talk therapy and later has a meeting with her mother and a psychiatrist. Elena’s mother wants to know why Elena is having blackouts and whether she even has anorexia. Elena begs to be taken home, so her mother promises to get in touch with a doctor who worked with Elena’s sister, Valerie.
Later, Karen shows Elena some places she likes to hide when she doesn’t want to be around other people. When Karen’s husband and baby show up for visiting hours, she is nowhere to be seen, but Elena has an opportunity to watch her baby for a moment. Elena then gets a phone call from her mother, who tells her that the center is denying Elena’s discharge request. Elena feels like she’s in a prison, but Karen and Susannah are with her, and she suddenly realizes that perhaps she belongs here after all.
A woman leads a group therapy session and tells the patients that their problems are their own to solve because their parents “caused” their eating disorder and thus cannot support them. Elena considers this and feels like it isn’t true in her case, but then a memory comes back of her father staring at her at the table, expecting her to eat a fried egg. Elena thought the egg looked unappealing and sat there until her father reluctantly negotiated that she could just eat some of it. Elena felt like a hero when she won over her father in those moments.
Karen talks about how her father was absent from her life and how her mother left one day without warning, never to return. Karen was placed in foster care and eventually ended up at the center. The therapist claims Karen’s parents indirectly “set her up” to develop an eating disorder by abandoning her. The therapist moves on to Elena, who talks about her older sister, Valerie. Valerie’s health slipped away from her when she started isolating herself and self-harming to an extreme degree. It was difficult for Elena to watch her sister’s mental health decline in this way. Elena also admits that in boarding school she knew two girls who had anorexia and admired them for their discipline. One girl in particular stopped eating and speaking after becoming frustrated with a biased grading system. Elena admired the girl’s willpower and wanted the same for herself.
Talking to the therapist, Elena starts to become frustrated with the way she frames everything and tells her that there’s nothing wrong with her or anyone else who doesn’t eat: “This is who we are! This is what we choose!” (62). Later, an 18-year-old girl decides to leave Drew Center to stay with a man she’s been talking to online. The other girls pull their money together to fund her bus ticket, and the nurses worry about her safety.
Valerie’s previous psychiatrist, Dr. Harris, refers Elena to a neurologist who takes a 48-hour assessment of her brain signals. The neurologist hopes that Elena will have one of her blackouts so that he can see what is causing them, so he sets up a camera in her room. Elena hates the idea of eating in front of a camera, and when her parents leave her alone, she becomes stressed and her head starts to hurt. She doesn’t remember much else, but she and her parents have a chance to watch the video of what took place. For 40 minutes, Elena twitched and clawed at herself until her chest bled. Watching the video, Elena feels like she’s looking at some other person.
Elena and her parents drive across the country to Texas to see Dr. Harris next. Elena likes him because he doesn’t push too much and doesn’t assume anything about her. Elena explains that in boarding school, her best friend, Ramona, had a binge eating disorder and that Elena used to eat with her. Once, Elena threw up, but only because the sight of Ramona’s vomit made her sick. Elena insists to Dr. Harris that she doesn’t purge. When Dr. Harris clears Elena, she feels confident she can handle her challenges on her own. Her mother isn’t so sure, and on the drive back to the coast, she constantly mentions food and pressures Elena to eat. Elena eats a huge meal at Subway to get her mother to stop bothering her. Afterward, she goes into the bathroom and throws it up and discovers a new sort of “high” that she hadn’t known before.
Eight months later, senior year is almost over. Elena has spent the year in Germany with her friends and is also volunteering as a nurse at the military hospital. Elena loves working at the hospital and helping wherever she can. She helps an army trainee put an IV in a patient for the first time and helps a doctor drain a cyst on a soldier’s back. Later, Elena overhears some people talking about some of the most unbelievable things they’ve seen, and one mentions a patient who “burned a smiley face into her arm” (86). Elena knows this was Valerie. The man apologizes, but Elena has already begun thinking about Valerie’s mental illness and how she tried to die by suicide at one point. Valerie recovered but abandoned the family. Because Elena relied on her sister, she still harbors anger toward Valerie for leaving.
Elena has lots of friends at her school, but one of her closest friends is Barbara. Despite their closeness, Elena pretends to eat and drink around Barbara, concealing the fact that she consumes very little. As Elena goes about her day, she observes other girls who seem to struggle similarly with eating and judges them for not being as subtle as she is. Later, Elena’s mother takes her to the doctor because Elena has been experiencing chest pain. Elena is told that she either has acid reflux or cracked cartilage and is given a painful injection.
Elena spends the rest of the day volunteering at the hospital, where she and some other people sort through Christmas donations for the soldiers. Elena finds that many of the donations appear to be kind gestures on the surface but are disguised gestures of ill will, like a box of chocolates filled with spit.
When Elena’s mother picks her up, the first thing she asks about is if Elena ate supper, not even greeting her. Elena feels like there is distance between herself and her mother these days, as Elena’s mother is constantly observing her food intake, and Elena has started to blame her mother for her problems. At home, Elena watches Swan Lake in her room, which has become a nightly ritual. She admires the protagonist’s ability to rise above everything and to exhibit “beauty in pain” (99). Elena wakes up in the night after having a nightmare and signs onto her computer. She finds an email from Valerie, apologizing and asking Elena to write back. Elena deletes the email and decides to write an essay for school about Valerie’s bedroom door. The door holds all of the memories of what Valerie went through, as well as acting as a constant reminder that she left and of Elena’s questions as to why.
Elena finally goes into treatment, but she is still in denial about having anorexia and believes that she has little in common with the other people at the treatment center. This belief reinforces her conviction that she has achieved total self-control and that her life is still on a healthy trajectory, despite all evidence to the contrary. Elena mentions how her “first impression of Drew Center is doors” (35). The imagery of doors will be a motif through the memoir and captures the conflict within Elena: While treatment offers a pathway to recovery, it also represents to her a loss of freedom and autonomy. Elena’s rebellious and stubborn nature leads her to actively resists the routines, therapy, and food regimens required of her. This resistance is defiance, but it also highlights the depth of her disorder and her unwillingness to relinquish the control she associates with it.
At Drew Center, The Patient-Practitioner Relationship is fraught with tension. Elena’s negative attitude toward those trying to help her compounds with their disciplinary methods, such as using food as punishment, which only worsens her already strained relationship with eating. The treatment environment, intended to foster recovery, instead becomes a space where Elena feels alienated and defensive. For example, the staff reprimands her for trying to comfort other patients, as though empathy is a violation of the center’s rules. Being surrounded by people who have eating disorders creates an environment where the constant focus on food exacerbates Elena’s condition. While she does start to find community and shared understanding with fellow patients, this fragile support is insufficient to counteract her worsening disorder. When Elena eventually leaves Drew Center, she begins treatment with a doctor who unfortunately affirms Elena’s misguided belief that she doesn’t have an eating disorder. This moment is a pivotal turning point, deepening her descent into anorexia and strengthening her belief that there is “beauty in pain” (99).
This section reveals The Physical and Psychological Experiences of Living with an Eating Disorder to be ever-evolving. Elena begins purging after meals, a behavior that emerges in response to external pressures, particularly from professionals and her mother, to eat more than she desires. Her eating disorder takes on a new form, showing how such illnesses can adapt and intensify in response to circumstances. Elena starts having psychologically-induced seizures during her time in the hospital. These seizures are both a physical manifestation of her inner turmoil and a catalyst for self-reflection. Watching a recording of one of these episodes, Elena feels detached, unable to fully process what she is seeing. However, this moment of observation marks the beginning of a shift—she starts to look inward and confront the underlying issues that have contributed to her disorder.
For example, Elena is told that her parents are to blame for her eating disorder, which the memoir ultimately suggests is inaccurate. However, this does cause her to reflect on some early experiences that might have affected her relationship with food. She also hints that she was sexually assaulted when she was younger and begins to think about how she learned about fasting and losing weight from her peers at boarding school. Among her peers, losing weight became a source of competition and pride and a display of self-control: “My friends and I were doing a three-week juice fast, but I was the only one who made it. I think about the willpower I exhibited then and feel a glow of pride” (36). This memory stresses how deeply her identity has become tied to the idea of perfection through self-denial.
Elena also starts to address issues she has suppressed for a long time, such as her strained relationship with her sister, Valerie. She channels these feelings into an expressive essay about Valerie’s door, which is both a literal and metaphorical barrier between them. This act of writing is significant because it allows Elena to begin articulating the pain she has long kept hidden, marking another small but meaningful step in her healing process. Elena’s narrative at this stage is one of contradiction: She clings to her disorder while simultaneously inching toward a greater awareness of its roots and repercussions.