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46 pages 1 hour read

Peg Kehret

Earthquake Terror

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 1996

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Character Analysis

Jonathan Palmer

Twelve-year-old Jonathan Palmer is the novel’s protagonist. He loves baseball and is a fan of the San Francisco Giants, and he enjoys spending time outdoors with his family. At the novel’s beginning, Jonathan reflects on what life was like before Abby had her accident at age two. Before the accident caused Abby’s disability, camping trips with his family were faster-paced and involved sleeping under the stars. Now, however, Abby’s partial paralysis requires the whole family to move more slowly to accommodate her pace, and hiking terrain must be short and mostly flat. Jonathan struggles with an inner conflict for the majority of the novel as he fights between frustration with his sister’s immaturity and disability and empathy for Abby’s situation. Ultimately, Jonathan knows that his sister cannot control her mobility, and the responsibility of keeping her safe during the earthquake helps Jonathan to appreciate Abby in a new way. By the novel’s end, he no longer takes his sister for granted. Instead, he realizes how thankful he is for her and comes to value her presence in the family.

Throughout the novel, Jonathan proves himself to be intelligent, persistent, and action-oriented. As he takes care of Abby, he approaches vital survival tasks like building a shelter and hanging onto a tree as if they are games in order to keep his sister from panicking. He also shows his navigation skills by using the sun to find the camper and breaking twigs to mark his trail. Even though he is young, he knows the geography of the area and can speculate on the possible reasons why Magpie Lake is flooding. He also shows his persistence by refusing to give up even when circumstances look challenging. When swimming for shore with Moose, he remembers his baseball coach’s lesson of determination and forces himself to take one stroke at a time, demonstrating his ability to apply past lessons to new circumstances. Also, when things repeatedly go from bad to worse in the hours after the earthquake, he constantly adapts and looks for new solutions instead of breaking down or indulging in self-pity. Through it all, he knows that he is responsible for Abby, and this sense of duty helps him to exude a sense of patience and calm for her sake. Finally, Jonathan is action-oriented and resourceful. He hates the idea of sitting around and waiting for rescue, so he thinks of ideas to improve his and Abby’s situation. He searches for their parents’ car, considers making a signal for rescuers to find, and tries making a raft as various problems arise.

As the situation develops, Jonathan demonstrates maturity and goes through a coming-of-age process during the novel. He learns to stay calm for Abby despite the emergency situation and stays positive in all of his interactions with her, encouraging her and helping her as much as he can. Thus, Kehret shows how being responsible for another person forces one to mature quickly. Jonathan’s position as the one in charge helps him to develop on-the-spot leadership and decision-making skills that he would not have gained had his parents been present. Jonathan also grows in empathy as he repeatedly recognizes Abby’s youth and her failure to understand the urgency of their situation. He cannot stay frustrated with Abby for long because he knows that she is simply too young to fully comprehend all the life-threatening factors they are facing. Overall, Jonathan is a remarkable 12-year-old. He demonstrates self-reliance and leadership in difficult circumstances and matures quickly instead of shying away from his role of taking care of his sister. 

Abby Palmer

Abby Palmer is six years old and demonstrates the immaturity and somewhat annoying nature one would expect from a person so young. Her emotions change frequently based on the circumstances. For example, she cries easily but also calms quickly when Jonathan suggests games or songs to distract her. She also fails to understand the gravity of their emergency circumstances because of her youth and inexperience. Abby is more concerned with whose turn it is to be the teacher when pretending to play school than with the need to avoid drowning in the rising floodwaters.

Despite her youth and immaturity, however, Abby is no stranger to adversity. She had an accident at age two in which she fell from a playground slide and damaged her spinal cord. Because of her accident, she has partial paralysis and walks slowly with the assistance of a walker. Abby’s parents refuse to let her use a wheelchair, so mobility takes constant effort. She prefers crawling to walking, but her parents encourage her to walk with her walker as much as possible. Abby’s disability adds an extra layer of complication to the novel as tasks like walking or climbing over trees are difficult for Abby. Furthermore, Abby is afraid of water and can’t swim, so the flooding of Magpie Island is particularly dangerous for her. Despite the challenges she faces during the emergency, however, Abby listens to Jonathan and does what he asks even when she loses her walker.

Additionally, Abby’s character also undergoes a transformation in the novel. When she is separated from Jonathan and can no longer rely on him, she learns to make decisions for herself. For instance, she decides to leave her log in the water and crawl to the cabin on shore. In doing so, she faces her fear of the water and finds that she is capable of more than she realized. Abby also learns to keep herself calm. She learns that crying does not improve her situation, and she is able to control her emotions. Abby’s character illustrates how difficult circumstances force a person to grow and mature. Even a young child like Abby can demonstrate resilience and grit when put to the test. 

Moose

Moose is the Palmer family dog, although he mostly belongs to Jonathan, who chose him at the animal shelter six years ago. Moose is a golden retriever and was a comfort and friend to Jonathan when Abby had her accident and Jonathan’s parents were focused on her. Moose is an obedient and helpful dog, and he is the first one to sense the earthquake coming, as evidenced by his barks of warning. Moose offers comfort to Jonathan in the midst of the responsibility of looking after Abby, and in the latter part of the novel, he directly saves Jonathan’s life.

When Jonathan is knocked unconscious in the river, the point of view shifts to explain what Moose can see and feel, and what the dog does to save Jonathan. Kehret highlights the bond between Jonathan and Moose as Moose risks his life to save the helpless boy. Once Jonathan regains consciousness, Moose’s efforts to save him help motivate Jonathan to keep swimming even when he feels ready to quit. Additionally, Moose lies on top of Jonathan to keep him warm during the night until the rescuers arrive by helicopter the next morning. By the end of the novel, Moose is praised as a hero, and both the Palmers and the rescuers reward him with food and attention. 

Mr. Palmer

Mr. Palmer is Jonathan and Abby’s father. His experience after the earthquake is somewhat similar to Jonathan’s. Both of them face uncertainty and have many questions that they cannot answer. Similarly, he and Jonathan must both make important decisions without knowing key information. Also, Mr. Palmer feels afraid at times, as does Jonathan. Even though he is an adult, he is not exempt from fear. Furthermore, at similar points in the evening after the earthquake hits, Mr. Palmer and Jonathan both feel physically and mentally drained from the heavy responsibility of taking care of their loved ones during an emergency.

Mr. Palmer clearly loves his family and would do anything for them. He keeps his cool in the high-stress situation of speaking to the National Guard and learning that they cannot send rescuers until the next morning. Even though many people tell him that Magpie Island has been engulfed in the flooding, Mr. Palmer does not lose hope that Abby and Jonathan may still be alive. 

Mrs. Palmer

Mrs. Palmer is Jonathan and Abby’s mother. She loves nature and the outdoors, as evidenced by the many family camping trips that the Palmer family takes. Although such trips are different because of Abby’s partial paralysis, the Palmers refuse to let this keep them from exposing their children to experiences in nature. They are willing to modify their activities and camping style to fit Abby’s needs.

Mrs. Palmer has high standards for her children. She and Mr. Palmer do not allow Abby to use a wheelchair because they want Abby’s leg muscles to be strong. Even though helping Abby walk with a walker creates extra work for both Abby and the Palmers, they choose to do what they feel is best for her. Mrs. Palmer also encourages her children to eat healthy, only allowing occasional treats. She does not spoil her children, and she is not overprotective of them.

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