34 pages • 1 hour read
William FaulknerA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Henry Hawkshaw, the protagonist of “Dry September,” is a barber at the local barbershop. He believes in Will Mayes’s innocence even though the other men question his white Southern manhood and cultural allegiance: “Find out the facts first, boys. I know Willy Mayes. It wasn’t him” (172). He urges the others to discover the facts and let the police do their job. As Hawkshaw defends Mayes, he risks alienation from his community and retaliation by its citizens.
Judged harshly, Hawkshaw symbolizes the complicity and moral ambiguity of the community because he joins the mob and does not respond to Will Mayes when he calls Hawkshaw by name; a more sympathetic interpretation is that he’s the rational conscience of the narrative as he pleads for patience over vigilante justice. When Hawkshaw joins the lynch mob in search of Mayes, he hopes to protect him or to deter the men. When Mayes calls him by name for help, Hawkshaw doesn’t respond because he realizes that Mayes’s fate is sealed and that he (Henry) is powerless over the clan mentality. Unable to witness the inevitable crime, Hawkshaw leaps from the moving car. He lands, retching in the dust, but rises. Though the dust envelops cars as they pass back to town, he brushes the dirt from his clothes to limp back to town. Though he has failed Mayes, he doesn’t succumb to the mob’s pressure and separates himself from the dust of their moral corruption to return to Jefferson.
“Hawkshaw” is the name of a detective in a comic strip series from the 1920s. William Faulkner infuses his character with the honorable traits of a detective, namely the pursuit of truth and justice. Even though Hawkshaw fails to protect Will Mayes by the end of the story, his character nonetheless symbolizes law and order.
As the antagonist of “Dry September,” John McLendon is a former commander who served overseas in France during World War I and is considered a local war hero. He is a heavy-set man wearing a felt hat as he crashes into the barber shop in a fit of anger at the end of Part 1. He is the first of the men in the shop to use the word “rape,” inciting the already agitated male townsfolk toward mob mentality: “Well, are you going to sit there and let a black son rape a white woman on the streets of Jefferson?” (171). When Hawkshaw questions if the attack took place or if the accusation was the desperate attempt of an aging, lonely, and sexually frustrated woman to get attention, McLendon displays an outright disregard for truth by insisting the men hunt Will Mayes down and make an example out of him.
As the leader of the mob, John McLendon appeals to the notion of Southern pride to entice the men to join him: He believes any good Southern white man is honor-bound to protect white Southern women, regardless of their social stature. In this manner, McLendon’s character exposes the racial inequity precipitated by white supremacy; even though the accusations of rape are based purely upon speculation and gossip, the intended victim’s whiteness makes her inherently more credible than a Black man. Not only is Miss Minnie to be believed over Will Mayes, but the mere thought of her violation justifies abandoning due process under the law by virtue of white supremacy.
Minnie Cooper is a single woman in her late thirties rumored to have been in some way attacked by Will Mayes, a Black man. She lives in Jefferson with her aging mother and aunt and is the frequent subject of gossip among the aristocratic women in the town. Born to a middle-class family, Minnie garnered a significant amount of attention from her friends as well as potential suitors when she was young. However, age has taken its toll, and even though “she was still on the slender side of ordinary looking, with a bright, faintly haggard manner and dress,” Minnie is still single (174).
As the stereotypical representation of the single, aging white female in American society during the 1920s, Minnie is likened to both a spinster and an adulterer by the townsfolk. Still, she lives a leisurely life, waking each morning at 10 o’clock before swinging on the porch, napping, then dressing up and going downtown with her friends. Often referred to as “aunty” or “cousin” by the growing offspring of her successfully betrothed friends, Minnie neither affirms nor denies the allegations of rape at any point in the narrative. Rather, she momentarily delights in the newfound attention from the young men and female townsfolk.
Will Mayes, the night watchman at the local ice factory, is the Black man rumored to have “[a]ttacked, insulted, [or] frightened” Miss Minnie Cooper (169). Despite being innocent of the alleged crime, Will Mayes becomes a scapegoat for the town’s deep-seated racial prejudices and fears. When the mob arrives at the ice factory, Mayes understands that he’s in danger and tries to strip the group of their anonymity by asking, “Who’s here, captains?” (178) and calling several by name. Mayes uses a submissive approach of calling the men “captains” and with the honorific “Mr,” but his appeals fail. Just as Hawkshaw’s language is ineffective against the mob, Mayes’s questions go unanswered and unacknowledged. McLendon handcuffs him, and Mayes briefly fights back. John McLendon and the Jefferson town mob drive him down a desolate dirt road, and he does not return.
By William Faulkner