logo

50 pages 1 hour read

Sid Fleischman

By the Great Horn Spoon!

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 1963

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Chapters 16-18Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 16 Summary: “The Gravediggers”

As Jack and Praiseworthy near Shirt-Tail Camp, a passerby tells them to hurry, lest they miss the hanging of a “dentist” who was caught stealing a horse. They see Cut-Eye, with a noose already around his neck. Praiseworthy quickly thinks of a plan to delay his execution. Wrapping a bandana around Jack’s face, he tells him to pretend to have a toothache. He then demands that the tooth-puller be untied, so he can attend to this medical emergency.

The condemned Cut-Eye recognizes Jack and Praiseworthy, and while pretending to work on Jack’s tooth, agrees to Praiseworthy’s whispered bargain: He’ll give them Dr. Buckbee’s map in exchange for his life. Cut-Eye fishes the folded map out of his hat. However, Praiseworthy immediately sees that the map is worthless: Shirt-Tail Camp itself is the marked location of the supposed gold mine. Cut-Eye gloats that, after the map was drawn, the mine’s location quickly leaked, and the gold is now completely exhausted. Nevertheless, Praiseworthy wishes to honor his bargain and save Cut-Eye from the noose.

Praiseworthy faces the crowd and asks if Cut-Eye was given a fair trial. It turns out that no one in town, not even the Justice of the Peace, has ever seen a law book; they’ve always made their own “justice,” based on their notions of common sense and humanity. Praiseworthy tells the crowd that, in the absence of written laws, humanity alone demands that they not “string up” the only tooth-puller in the community, as doing so would sentence many of their neighbors to pain.

Praiseworthy, who’s “never made a speech in his life,” marvels at the fluency and power of his own words, and can “feel their effect on the crowd” (177). The crowd is quickly won over, and votes to delay Cut-Eye’s hanging until a new dentist can be found to serve the community. Meanwhile, since the town lacks a jailhouse, they’ll construct one around Cut-Eye, where he’ll be permitted to see patients. Praiseworthy, as Cut-Eye’s consul, is ordered to dig a six-foot grave for the dentist’s eventual burial. He agrees, and he and Jack go to do so about a half-mile from camp. As they dig, Jack despairs at failing to save Aunt Arabella’s house. With Dr. Buckbee’s gold mine proving worthless, they only have a few weeks to find another fortune. Then, after digging four feet down, they hit bedrock—and a rich deposit of gold.

Chapter 17 Summary: “The Fifteenth of August”

For the first time ever, Jack and Praiseworthy throw their arms around each other, and Praiseworthy finally calls Jack “Jack,” not “Master Jack.” They stake their claim with posts, one of them being Praiseworthy’s tattered umbrella. For days, the pair work their claim, amassing more and more gold. They think of Arabella back in Boston, and how thrilled she’ll be when they hand her all this wealth. One night, Praiseworthy gazes into the fire he prepared, and wonders if Arabella is thinking of him—but ultimately chides himself.

One morning, word comes that Cut-Eye Higgins has broken out of his jailhouse, by pulling out the nails with his dental forceps. Praiseworthy doubts his near-hanging has taught him any lessons, but believes he’ll eventually meet his fate for a different crime. Meanwhile, after two weeks of arduous work, the pair’s mine is finally exhausted: They are richer by “eleven heavy pouches of gold dust—worth a fortune in San Francisco” (184). It is almost August 15, the date of Praiseworthy’s boxing match with the Mountain Ox in Hangtown. As the pair depart with their gold, Praiseworthy leaves his tattered umbrella staked into the ground by their exhausted claim.

At Hangtown, festive crowds await, and the streets are strung with bunting, as if for a national holiday. The Mountain Ox emerges from a restaurant, grinning confidently. This is Praiseworthy’s first glimpse of his opponent, and the champion of Grizzly Flats has “a neck like the stump of a tree” and a chest “as big around as a flour barrel” (186). The two opponents square off against each other. Remembering the book from Arabella’s library, and his long hours of shadowboxing, Praiseworthy easily dodges each of the Mountain Ox’s powerful but clumsy swings. Between these misses, Praiseworthy uses the strength he’s built up during his months of digging to pepper his opponent’s face with a steady stream of left jabs.

As the sun begins to set, Praiseworthy, who’s barely expended himself and remains untouched by a single blow, delivers a final right cross, which knocks out his weary opponent. The crowd goes wild: The “fair name” of Hangtown has been saved. Jack glows with pride, and almost pities the fallen brawler from Grizzly Flats.

Chapter 18 Summary: “Arrival at the Long Wharf”

Mindful that time is running out for Arabella to pay her debts, Jack and Praiseworthy board a coach for Sacramento City, where they can catch a steamboat to San Francisco. However, Praiseworthy, though always thinking of Arabella, finds himself thinking of Boston less and less. He wonders if Arabella would like to live in California, and considers what his life would be like if he weren’t a butler, “but that was unthinkable” (192).

In Sacramento, Jack and Praiseworthy board a steamship to San Francisco. The captain, who hopes to beat his own speed record, orders his engineers to stoke the boiler past its limit. Less than a mile from San Francisco’s Long Wharf, the boiler explodes, sinking the ship. Jack and Praiseworthy, weighed down by the bags of gold dust and four-shooters tied to their belts, must cut their belts loose to escape drowning. All the gold is lost, but as they pull themselves out of the water, penniless as the day they first arrived in California, they console themselves that they are at least alive and healthy. 

On the Long Wharf, Jack and Praiseworthy notice the Lady Wilma, eerily deserted of its captain and crew. They later learn that the crew deserted to dig for gold in the hills, but the cats from Peru are still there, and have been eating the ship’s food stores and breeding. There are kittens everywhere, and Jack puts one in his coat to take with him. Jack and Praiseworthy run into Mr. Azariah Jones, the Yankee trader, who tells them that over 200 ships sit rotting in the harbor, abandoned by their crews. He also says San Francisco is plagued by rats. Just recently, he auctioned off a cat for 15 dollars. This gives Jack an idea.

Telling Jones to announce a new auction, he and Praiseworthy return to the Lady Wilma with a couple of sacks. At the auction, bids for Jack and Praiseworthy’s cats go high, and they come away with almost 400 dollars. Walking along the Long Wharf to look for a ship that will take them home, Jack sees, to his amazement, Aunt Arabella and his two sisters Constance and Sarah, who have just gotten off a boat. After a tearful reunion, from which Praiseworthy stands back discreetly, Arabella tells them that, as soon as she read Jack’s farewell note about going to San Francisco, she sold her house in Boston.

When Sarah asks if Jack and Praiseworthy found any gold, Jack says they found plenty, but doesn’t explain further. Arabella asks Praiseworthy what became of his bowler, coat, and umbrella, and he says they’re gone. He proposes marriage to Arabella, and she tearfully accepts, adding, “I thought you’d never ask” (205). The couple discusses returning to the goldfields, which Arabella says will slowly become “a place for women and children” (205). Praiseworthy says he might take up the study of law, a calling for which he sees a bright future in this rough-hewn land. As the couple makes their plans for the future, walking arm in arm up the Long Wharf, Jack and his sisters beside them, “They looked very much like a family. They felt like a family. They were a family” (206).

Chapters 16-18 Analysis

As Jack and Praiseworthy strike out, with their tent and burro, into California’s dazzling vistas and clean mountain air, the hunt for gold becomes almost secondary. They slowly fall in love with this new land, so different, so much freer, than Boston. Their main treasure, thus far, is the camaraderie they’ve found in each other, amidst California’s natural beauty. However, they still plan to return to Boston by the year’s end, and don’t want to leave empty-handed. Jack has a stroke of luck while hunting, coming across the very highwayman who stole Cut-Eye Higgins’s coat. The bandit has since reformed, another example of the hunger for personal change in the West, where many visitors find they can escape their pasts.

The coat, though it doesn’t contain Dr. Buckbee’s stolen map, leads Jack and Praiseworthy to Shirt-Tail Camp, where Cut-Eye, in his new guise as a dentist, is about to be hanged for thievery. What follows is another life change for Praiseworthy, a pivotal one. Stepping into the role of Cut-Eye’s lawyer in exchange for the map, he’s “astonished by the power he had found in his words” (178). Again, Praiseworthy discovers something perhaps more valuable than gold: a possible vocation. The crowd, moved, grants Cut-Eye a stay of execution, but Jack and Praiseworthy must still dig a grave for him, whereupon they strike actual gold. Once again, noble actions—Praiseworthy’s spirited defense in exchange for a map he knows is worthless—are rewarded. Overjoyed, Jack and Praiseworthy embrace, and Praiseworthy drops his last formality, calling his young charge “Jack” instead of “Master Jack.” In a sense, this new closeness—and the discovery of their new selves through their journey together—is the true “gold” of California.

Some days later, the reader is given a rare glimpse into Praiseworthy’s thoughts, as he gazes into a fire and thinks of Arabella. Despite the allure of this new world, and the strengths he’s found within himself, he still intends to return to Boston as Arabella’s butler, without hope of her ever returning his love: “Why, Boston would never accept him as anything but what he was—a butler” (182). Arabella is later revealed to love Praiseworthy, but at this point of the novel, he could never allow her to “disgrace” herself by loving him. Upper-class Boston, a society nearly as rigid as its mother country (England), doesn’t allow for much social flexibility or reinvention. Still, Praiseworthy must return: His love for and loyalty to Arabella must take precedence over the exciting possibilities of California. Jack, too, shares this feeling, thinking that “[n]o one in Boston would think of referring to Praiseworthy as Bullwhip and Aunt Arabella would put a stop to Jack’s coffee drinking. But Boston was where they belonged” (194).

On the steamship back to San Francisco, fortune again upends Jack and Praiseworthy’s lives. The ship’s captain, like Captain Swain of the Lady Wilma, stakes everything on a reckless gamble—and loses. Trying to beat his own speed record, he overtaxes the boiler and blows up the ship. The freedoms of the West, it seems, are a double-edged sword. To save their lives, Jack and Praiseworthy are forced to cut loose a fortune in gold. Destitute, they wander the Long Wharf, but the business savvy they’ve picked up on their travels comes to their rescue. The hundreds of cats on the Lady Wilma, a result of Praiseworthy’s generous gift to Captain Swain, prove a hot commodity in rat-infested San Francisco, and the heroes recoup a small amount of their losses.

The real treasure, the one that guarantees the story’s happy ending, awaits Jack and Praiseworthy on the Long Wharf, in the form of Arabella and Jack’s two sisters, who’ve come to California to stay. Arabella decided to leave behind Boston’s antiquated social norms, of which she is glad to be free, largely because of Praiseworthy himself. When Praiseworthy proposes marriage, Arabella’s eyes “sparkle” with tears—an echo of the sparkle of gold in the diggings, but to Praiseworthy, far more valuable. Free of the bonds of the past—and great wealth itself, which can be a prison—the new family walks the bustling length of Long Wharf into the future, which promises to be bright. Besides digging for gold, Praiseworthy looks forward to studying the law, an exciting and lucrative prospect in this nascent state. Jack, who began his coming-of-age journey in a typical fashion—by leaving home—has, ironically, concluded it by achieving his dream of family: “They looked very much like a family. They felt like a family. They were a family” (206).

blurred text
blurred text
blurred text
blurred text