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50 pages 1 hour read

Sid Fleischman

By the Great Horn Spoon!

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 1963

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Chapters 12-15Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 12 Summary: “Bullwhip”

After a long day of panning at Pitch-pine Billy’s claim, Jack and Praiseworthy find themselves richer by a “thimbleful” of gold. Intoxicated by his new pastime, Jack asks if they can buy a tent, so they can camp out by the creek like seasoned miners. Praiseworthy agrees, and as him and Jack walk side-by-side, equally dirty, barefoot, and exhausted, Jack has never felt so close to the butler.

Jack asks Praiseworthy if Arabella knows he took her portrait with him. The butler doesn’t answer directly, saying that he meant to give the picture to Jack. The latter, annoyed by this evasion, presses on, asking why Arabella hasn’t married. Jack’s sister Constance told him that Arabella was once in love, but that the man died. Praiseworthy says that Constance should be “spanked” for saying such things. He tries to change the subject, but Jack persists, claiming that Arabella would probably marry him if he asked. Praiseworthy seems “struck,” then scoffs at the idea of his employer marrying someone other than a gentleman of her own class, let alone a butler: “It simply isn’t done […] Why, your dear aunt would be laughed out of Boston” (132).

Entering Hangtown, Jack and Praiseworthy find themselves the subject of gossip. Praiseworthy’s legendary punch is the talk of the town, and strangers debate how far he sent the bandit. The butler is assigned a nickname: “Bullwhip,” since his punch had the kick of the “butt end” of a heavy whip.

Praiseworthy tries to correct the record, but finally gives up, and ups the ante even more, claiming he knocked the ruffian back 23 feet. The townspeople are delighted. Jack and Praiseworthy go up to their hotel room, calling each other by their newly-minted nicknames: Bullwhip and Jamoka Jack.

Chapter 13 Summary: “A Bushel of Neckties”

As the days pass, and “Bullwhip’s” fame continues to spread, Praiseworthy begins to “enjoy his notoriety” (136). Soon, he stops shaving, as if to transition into his new, rough image. He and Jack buy a canvas tent, so they can live close to Billy and his claim. One day, Jack finds his first nugget of gold. It’s only the size of an acorn, but he’s wildly excited. That evening, the pair receive a letter from Dr. Buckbee, who is in Panama, weak from yellow fever. He asks them to act as his agents in the matter of his stolen gold map. If they can retrieve it from the highwaymen who stole Cut-Eye Higgins’s coat, he’ll give them 50% of the proceeds. Praiseworthy has doubts, reasoning that the bandits probably lost no time in tearing open Cut-Eye’s coat and digging Buckbee’s claim. Billy agrees, laughing that in these parts, alleged treasure maps are a dime a dozen.

Jack and Billy visit an auction by the trader Cheap John, who starts the bidding for an item he says was sent to him by “mistake”: a bushel of neckties. By way of another mistake, Jack accidentally buys them, for eight dollars. Bowties aren’t part of the wardrobe of any miner, and Jack is mortified by his purchase. Praiseworthy, however, declares it a “brilliant” purchase, adding cryptically that in a day or two the bowties will be a hot item.

The next day, Billy shows Jack and Praiseworthy how to dig a “coyote hole,” a well-like shaft used to reach gold dust that has settled deep into the soil. The trio shovels the dirt from the hole into a Long Tom, a wooden sluice box with iron riffles on the inside to catch gold. The following morning, Praiseworthy is issued a challenge: A man from the rival town of Grizzly Flats has heard of his fighting prowess, and would like to box him. This man, the Mountain Ox, can barely write his own name, but is large and strong. Praiseworthy agrees without hesitation. Since he and Jack are due to leave on a prospecting trip, he sets the date of the match for some weeks later, in August. Jack looks “at Praiseworthy as if a complete stranger had been hiding for years under the elegant manners of a butler” (148). Billy thinks Praiseworthy has lost his mind, and suggests he write his last will and testament.

Soon afterward, a commotion sweeps through the diggings: Quartz Jackson has come to Hangtown with his new bride. It’s been months since any of the men have seen a woman, and they are suddenly self-conscious about their appearance, much as Quartz was before his haircut and shave. As the miners drop their picks and shovels and rush off to groom themselves, Praiseworthy gives Jack a knowing look. Jack fetches his bushel of neckties, and a bidding frenzy ensues. Within 20 minutes every necktie is sold, and Jack and Praiseworthy have more than enough gold dust to buy themselves a burro.

Chapter 14 Summary: “The Prospectors”

As they leave Hangtown on their trip to seek a claim, Jack asks Praiseworthy if he truly intends to return in mid-August to fight the Mountain Ox, and the butler reaffirms himself. Ashamed at having won his reputation as “Bullwhip” with a weighted glove, he looks forward to fighting the Mountain Ox bare-knuckled. He also has a secret weapon: his literacy. Once, in Arabella’s library, Praiseworthy read an illustrated guide to “the fine art of fisticuffs,” which he found “fascinating” (157). He expects that, with a little practice, he’ll have a decisive edge over the Mountain Ox.

Chapter 15 Summary: “The Man Who Couldn’t Sit Down”

For days, Jack and Praiseworthy follow the mountain streams on their burro. Their findings are meager, but Praiseworthy doesn’t seem to mind: Jack often catches him “gazing at some distant view as if it didn’t matter if they ever got back to Boston” (160). One fateful night, they meet a miner on his way to Shirt-Tail Camp to have a tooth pulled by a dentist named “Doc Higgins.” Praiseworthy jokes that the good “doctor” (Cut-Eye Higgins) probably extracts his customers’ gold pouches along with their teeth.

One evening, while Praiseworthy practices his shadowboxing, Jack goes hunting for jackrabbits. He comes across a grizzly bear, and while backing away, falls down a 20-foot coyote hole. To summon help, he shoots his squirrel gun into the air, and immediately, a man’s face appears overhead. The man lowers a rope to pull Jack out of the hole, and says his squirrel gun almost shot his hat off. Jack recognizes the man’s white linen coat as Cut-Eye’s—marking his savior as one of the highwaymen who robbed the stagecoach.

The man doesn’t deny the theft, but says he is now “retired.” He says his accomplices were all caught and had their ears cut off. He alone managed to escape, but not without a “load of buckshot” in his backside; he hasn’t “been able to sit down in a month” (166). Jack levels his squirrel gun at the man, and demands the coat, which (presumably) still has Dr. Buckbee’s map in the lining. The former bandit laughs, and reminds Jack that his one-shot squirrel gun is empty. Still, he strips off the coat and throws it to Jack, saying that it gives him a “bad conscience” to wear it. After the man leaves, Jack discovers that the map isn’t in the coat, and never was: Cut-Eye has deceived them again. Praiseworthy consoles Jack, as they at least know where Cut-Eye is: at Shirt-Tail Camp, pretending to be a dentist. Furthermore, the butler believes Cut-Eye hasn’t found the gold mine on his stolen map, otherwise he wouldn’t be wasting his time pulling teeth.

Chapters 12-15 Analysis

As Jack and Praiseworthy work long hours at Pitch-pine Billy’s claim, “both barefooted and one as mud-splattered as the other,” the class boundaries that separate them appear to be breaking down—on the surface, at least (130). Jack, however, still longs for a father figure, and so continues to prod Praiseworthy about Aunt Arabella, suggesting that she’d gladly marry him. Praiseworthy, as usual, tries to change the subject, but finally makes a telling remark: “I wouldn’t permit such a thing… Why, your dear aunt would be laughed out of Boston” (132). This marks a turning point in the pair’s discussions about Arabella. Not only has Praiseworthy conceded the possibility of marrying Arabella, but identified the obstacle in doing so: Arabella’s social status in Boston. However, Jack seems heartened by the conversation, telling himself that Arabella must have given Praiseworthy her portrait as a gift. He seems to intuit that, in California, the social mores that kept Praiseworthy and Arabella apart are less relevant. After all, he and Praiseworthy appear to have closed some of the social “distance” between them.

Moreover, Praiseworthy has been doing things in California that he would have never dreamed of back in Boston. He’s begun to embrace his rough-and-tumble new image, along with the nickname (“Bullwhip”) that comes with it, even accepting a challenge of fisticuffs from a hulking brawler from another town. He even boasts to go-betweens that the other man doesn’t stand a chance. However, Praiseworthy suspects that his only hope of victory lies in his butler’s habits of old—such as his discipline, meticulousness, and (especially) his memories of a book from Arabella’s library. The fact that, even in his old life, he found a book about combat interesting suggests that he’s always concealed a secret desire to be a “tough guy,” under his elegant hat coat, and umbrella.

At first, Praiseworthy’s induction into local folklore as a rough-and-tumble pugilist seems part of the story’s ironic humor: It’s not the sort of reputation an elegant English butler would normally expect, or want. However, Praiseworthy slowly grows into the role, studying fisticuffs so he can win his next fight aboveboard, with bare knuckles. His sense of integrity and fair play, so essential to an English butler, is part of what turns him into a roughneck brawler. Praiseworthy’s rapid metamorphosis mirrors that of Hangtown itself, though the shanty’s own changes are largely toward gentility, rather than the opposite. The town is thrown into a panic by a milestone event: the arrival of a woman. The taming of the West has begun, along with the loss of some of its freedoms, and some are unhappy about this: Pitch-pine Billy laments that “Hangtown just won’t be the same with a lady in it” (155). However, the town will soon be a safe place for women and children—foreshadowing the arrival of Arabella and Jack’s sisters, Constance and Sarah, at the novel’s conclusion. The novel’s exploration of metamorphosis is also reinforced by Cut-Eye Higgins’s continued deception (him literally dressing up and acting the part of different professions to remake himself) and the former bandit’s genuine desire to start anew (by giving away Cut-Eye’s stolen coat to remake himself).

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