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44 pages 1 hour read

Justin Denzel

Boy of the Painted Cave

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 1988

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Chapters 13-18Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 13 Summary

One afternoon when Tao and Ram are out hunting, they see the other hunters stalking a herd of deer. Ram wants to attack, but Tao holds him back. Tao thinks that if he can get close enough and time it perfectly, he can let Ram go and the hunters will see how the wolf dog helps catch game animals. He watches carefully, and when he thinks it is the last possible moment, he releases Ram. Ram attacks, but it spooks the deer, and the herd escapes. Volt, seeing the wolf dog, roars that it is a “ghost of evil” and commands the other hunters to help him catch and kill Ram. Tao leaps in front of Volt’s spear, knocking it out of the way and saving Ram. He tries to explain to the hunters that Ram is good, but the men say he is an evil spirit. Ram and Tao flee, barely managing to escape the hunters. Soon, Tao realizes that Volt and the others have set a grass fire, preventing Tao and Ram from circling back around. Tao commands Ram to cross the river, where he knows the hunters will not follow. Just after Ram disappears into the trees on the other side of the river, Tao hears the hunters arriving.

Chapter 14 Summary

Tao discards his spear and hides from the hunters by climbing a willow tree. Volt and the hunters search the area. They find and take Tao’s spear. For a moment, Tao fears that Volt has seen him, but then Volt says that they must have crossed the river. In the morning, Tao hears howling and crosses the river to find Ram. He finds a tree branch to use as a crutch and discovers the wolf dog tied up in a clearing. As Tao attempts to free Ram, he is confronted by the Mountain People, who say they have seen Tao and Ram hunting, and the wolf dog belongs to them now. They restrain Tao, who struggles and says if they let him and Ram go, they will hunt and bring the Mountain People much food. The leader considers this and says they should bring Tao and Ram back to their camp to ask the shaman. Tao asks if the shaman is Graybeard; they confirm this and say the shaman is sick.

At the camp, Tao finds Graybeard weak and very thin. Graybeard says the Mountain People tell him he is dying. Tao doesn’t want to believe it. Graybeard says Tao must help him return to the Valley People. When Tao tells him what happened with Volt, Graybeard says the longhorns have returned to the plains, and they must paint the animals’ images in the Secret Cavern. He tells Tao that he is too weak to paint, and none of the others will paint well enough to please the spirits, so it must be Tao who makes the images. He says that he will convince the Valley People. Tao protests that Graybeard is too weak to make the voyage, but Graybeard says he can walk slowly, and if Tao does not help him, he will attempt the voyage on his own. They slowly make their way to the river, where Tao makes a raft for the crossing. They must arrive before night. Tao is afraid and doubts that the clan will accept him.

Chapter 15 Summary

When they reach the limestone cliffs, Graybeard tells Tao to hide at the top and wait until darkness falls, at which time he is to make his way into the Big Cave and navigate to the Secret Cavern. Graybeard taps Tao on his right shoulder, the side has difficulty walking on, and tells him to keep moving in that direction. He also gives Tao a lamp to light his way. Once Tao reaches the Secret Cavern, he should begin drawing the longhorns. Graybeard gives Tao a deerskin pouch that contains the graven image stones and other magical implements. He tells Tao that he will bring the hunters to the cavern after nightfall; once they see Tao’s drawings, Graybeard says, the hunters will understand why Graybeard has chosen him as the new Cave Painter.

At dark, Tao follows Graybeard’s instructions and makes his way to the Big Cave. He sees the hunters below, dancing and singing around the fire. He is almost caught by a young hunter who comes to tend to the Endless Flame. Inside the cave, Tao can’t remember which shoulder Graybeard had tapped. He chooses to go left but is not sure it is the correct decision. A little way down the passage, Tao turns around, convinced he’s made the wrong choice. When he comes to an opening in the wall, he is not sure if it is the way to the Secret Cavern or not. A drop of water from the ceiling lands on his lamp, snuffing the flame. Tao begins to navigate his way through the cave by feeling along the walls, though he is not sure if he is going the right way.

Chapter 16 Summary

Tao makes his way carefully through the cave and finally locates the Secret Cavern. He is full of wonder at the Cavern’s “splendor […] color and beauty” (138). He is amazed by the massive drawings and how alive they seem and is elated he will be a part of this amazing place. After taking it all in, Tao picks up a large stick of charcoal and begins to draw a longhorn. He loses himself in the painting, using the techniques Graybeard taught him to render them as life-like as possible. Finally, he hears the hunters approaching and stands to the side, proud and eager for them to see.

However, when the hunters arrive, they are alone. Garth is horrified, Volt stunned. Tao says, “No…Graybeard will tell you, it is the will of the spirits” (140). Volt says that Tao is a curse on the clan. Tao insists that Graybeard sent him, but Garth says he is lying. They speculate that Tao has killed Graybeard and thinks to replace him. Stunned, Tao says that Graybeard will tell them they are wrong. The hunters ask Tao where Graybeard is, and Tao realizes with horror that the shaman never made it to the clan. He says that he left Graybeard near the oak wood and that the shaman was sick, but he would never have hurt his friend. The hunters do not believe him. Volt says that Tao has angered the spirits of the longhorns and must face Saxon, the sacred bull.

Chapter 17 Summary

The hunters tie Tao up. He tells himself that they will find Graybeard and learn the truth. In the camp, he sees the hunters carry something wrapped in skins into camp. Some of the clan women sit beside it and rock back and forth in grief. Tao realizes it’s a dead person. He hears a whimpering and sees Ram hiding in the bushes behind him. Tao tells the wolf dog to leave, and he eventually does once he hears approaching footsteps. Kala arrives with Graybeard’s deerskin pouch and a knife, saying she will cut Tao loose and he will escape. Tao says that if he runs away, they will be sure he killed Graybeard. He says he will stay and face Saxon because, “If I live, they will know I have spoken the truth. If I do not, then it does not matter” (146). Kala says he is stubborn, like his mother.

In the morning, the hunters take Tao to face Saxon. Volt gives him his spear and says it is the will of the spirits that he may have it. They draw Saxon’s attention, and the great bull charges Tao. Tao leaps out of the way twice; Volt jumps down from the higher viewing grounds and shouts, distracting the bull, but Saxon will not be lured away from Tao. Tao continues to dodge the great beast. He throws Graybeard’s deerskin pouch, hitting Saxon in the face. The pouch tangles around the bull’s horns. When the bull begins to charge again, Tao spots one of the shining stones that has fallen from Graybeard’s pouch. He uses it to shine light into Saxon’s eyes, angering and confusing the bull until it gives up and leaves.

Volt approaches and says that they all saw the magic of Tao defeating the bull. The spirits have spoken, and Tao may live. They hear a thunderous noise and realize that Saxon has caused the longhorns to stampede toward them. Tao and the hunters scramble to the safety of higher ground. Tao realizes Volt is not with them. Once the animals clear, he sees Volt on the ground next to the body of a dead calf. The calf’s mother approaches Volt but is driven off by Ram, who suddenly appears to defend Volt. The bison runs away. Dazed, Volt says that his curse has been broken. He tells Tao his mother would have been proud of him. Tao asks what she was like; Volt says she was tall, fair, strong, and willful, and much like Tao himself. Tao realizes Volt is his father. Volt says, “You are a man now…You no longer need a father” (154).

Chapter 18 Summary

Some time later, they bury Graybeard. Tao has a new deerskin robe and a necklace of lions’ teeth. The burial is ceremonial. During the process, Tao remembers Graybeard and the lessons he taught. Volt announces to the clan that Tao is their new Cave Painter. Kala gives Tao a new deerskin pouch. With tears in his eyes, Tao leads Ram down the cliff and into the valley, where they see many herds of animals. He knows he will have to prove himself to the Mountain People once they cross the river, but he is happy to be following his dreams and to be fulfilling Graybeard’s legacy.

Chapters 13-18 Analysis

All of Tao’s fears come to fruition in these concluding chapters: Ram is discovered and nearly killed by the hunters, Tao must flee his people’s land, Graybeard very ill, he is caught breaking taboos by Volt and the others, and he is accused of evil and sentenced to face Saxon. These events were foreshadowed by earlier parts of the novel, when Kala and Graybeard warn Tao of the dangers and when Tao visits Saxon to sketch the great beast.

Tao’s response to his capture shows the depth of his character. Though he could have gone free, he knew that doing so would endanger Kala’s life. He also knew if he left, the people would believe he had murdered Graybeard. Instead, he chooses to redeem himself by facing Saxon. When he says it will not matter if he dies, it suggests Tao would prefer death to being thought of as the murderer of his friend. The choice shows Tao’s strong moral and ethical code.

Volt’s behavior during Tao’s battle with Saxon suggests he may have more of a fondness for Tao than he has previously let on. First, he allows Tao the use of his spear—for others, this may have been a weapon but for Tao it is a tool for mobility. Tao does not have the strength to defend himself against Saxon the way others might, so he must dodge and avoid the bull. If he’d not had his spear to help him move, Tao would likely have died very quickly. Second, Volt leaps down from the safe area and waves his arms to distract Saxon from Tao. This is at odds with his decision to send Tao to face Saxon. The revelation that Volt is Tao’s father explains much of this behavior as well as Kala’s earlier refusal to tell Tao about his father. Volt had ordered Tao left in the cliffs to be eaten by predators after his mother’s death, which also helps to explain why he has been so dismissive and short-tempered with Tao.

Finally, Tao’s method of conquering Saxon shows both his intelligence and his respect for the animals and the natural world around him. Tao uses Graybeard’s “magic” stones to confuse and deter the great animal, ending the conflict bloodlessly. When Volt attributes this to magic and spirits, Tao realizes the leader of the clan is not capable of change. He allows Volt to believe the stones are magic because Graybeard would have allowed it, suggesting this gentle handling of superstition is one more thing he learned from the older man.

The end of the book shows Tao’s perseverance, ethics, talent, and goodness have allowed him to finally achieve the position he wanted as well as the trust and respect of the clan. Notably, the end of the novel also sees Tao walking away from his clan. In earlier chapters, Tao and Graybeard were alike in their positions on the fringes of society. Tao has already proven himself as a person who can survive on his own. He has also proven that he can interact with people other than his own. These qualities prepare him as well for his new position as shaman just as his artistic abilities and training do.

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