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56 pages 1 hour read

Justin Torres

Blackouts

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2023

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Part 1Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 1: “The Palace”

Part 1, Pages 7-16 Summary

Content Warning: Blackouts uses the descriptor “queer” to signify LGBTQ+ identities and reclaim queer history. It discusses anti-LGBTQ+ bias (including slurs), violence (including domestic violence, medical violence, and state-promoted violence), racism (including eugenics), fatal illness and death, attempted suicide, sexual assault (including by doctors), and sex with a minor.

Blackouts begins with an unnamed narrator—whom Juan Gay refers to by the Spanish nickname “Nene”—arriving at “the Palace” in search of Juan, who is dying. Juan asks Nene to finish his work on the life of Jan Gay (born Helen Reitman)—his adoptive mother and real-life lesbian sexologist from the 1940s, who is considered a key figure in LGBTQ+ rights—and take his room at the Palace after his death.

The novel flashbacks to Nene’s journey to the Palace. He has a friendly conversation with a bus driver as the bus grows emptier, though the man ceases conversation when he learns Nene is headed to the Palace. Nene’s mood is dampened by the experience, and he doesn’t make conversation with subsequent drivers or passengers, instead examining the landscape. He disembarks and hitchhikes the remainder of the way. He is picked up by a European couple who argue in a foreign language.

Nene arrives at the Palace, thinking of his short acquaintance with Juan “in another life” (11) when he himself was 17, about a decade ago. He becomes anxious at the physical signs of Juan’s aging, unable to imagine himself elderly.

Nene considers the origin of the nickname “the Palace,” as the building is not palatial. He knows little about its current role, assuming it’s a charity. Juan is only allowed visitors at certain times, but Nene sneaks in at night, preferring spending time with him to soliciting sexual partners, his other evening activity. Juan speaks of his approaching death, while Nene prefers to discuss a future they both know Juan will not live to see.

Nene becomes enthralled by Juan’s archive of Jan Gay’s life, which consists of heavily redacted ephemera and a real-life two-volume research study titled Sex Variants: A Study of Homosexual. He inquires about Juan’s connection to the work, but Juan is dismissive and vague, instead focusing on a project in which he pulls back a layer of wallpaper to reveal a more beautiful layer of paper, which he knows he will not complete before his death. He asks Nene to speak of their decade-long separation.

Nene remains undressed most of the time in Juan’s room, both to temper the heat and “give Juan a thrill” (15). Juan does not flirt, though the two share a bed on cooler days. They spend the night talking, Juan’s voice inducing a “trance.”

Part 1, Pages 17-47 Summary

Juan guides Nene to remember “the blackout that led to the flood” (17), which leads to Nene’s flashback of allowing his sink to run until it flooded the apartment of his landlady, who lived below him. While she screamed about her collapsed ceiling, her husband looked calmly at Nene, which alarmed him. In the present, Juan teases Nene for his poor Spanish. When he presses Nene to tell the story of the blackout and the flood, Nene argues that he came to hear Juan’s story. Juan stresses the importance of “[getting] the details right” (21).

A heavily redacted page from Sex Variants with the header “Homosexual Cases” describes a man named Jose, who is uncertain how to handle sexual approaches from other men, implying he also desires these men.

Nene admits to disassociating during his blackouts: When his landlady began screaming about her collapsed ceiling, he assumed her husband had died, unaware that his water had been running for more than an hour. He attempts to return the conversation to Juan’s project, but Juan insists he will speak “tomorrow.”

A blurry photograph shows a young man lounging in grass. In the background, several blurry figures stand, possibly playing a sport.

Nene discusses meeting Juan in a psychiatric facility, shortly before he himself turned 18. He felt mature for being sent to an adult facility rather than a juvenile one, which embarrasses him in retrospect. He recalls seeing the many rules of the institution as “cliche,” a bad television script. Both Nene and Juan recount what the workers in the institution described as “good” or “bad” behavior.

Nene recalls his intake interview (part of the assessment phase of counseling), where he is asked to disclose detailed accounts of “bad thoughts and deeds” (28). During his first night at the institution, he is drugged after shivering violently. Close observation by a nurse prevents him from sleeping the second night, and he draws a stylized execution chair.

A photograph shows a man, face blacked out, leaning against a pillow. The wires of a shower-like apparatus are attached to his head.

Nene recalls his obsession with chairs during his last year of high school. After he makes a deliberately unusable chair, the art teacher secretly teaches him to weld. Nene makes a chair that is narrow and tall—also unusable—and welds a tiny figure atop it. This a reference to Basic Instinct (1992), a film in which Sharon Stone briefly reveals her vulva to a room of interrogators while uncrossing her legs.

Nene and Juan discuss their initial meeting, though Juan is cautious against rushing. Nene recounts his first week in the facility, during which he spoke and ate little, drawing when he was permitted. Juan sat next to him silently in their group therapy sessions. One day, Nene suddenly spoke, likening himself and Juan to a photograph of an old couple surrounded by cats. Juan laughed, which bolstered Nene’s mood. Nene assumed he sat near him due to their “resemblance,” which goes beyond physical similarities. In the present, Juan regrets revealing he was committed to a psychiatric hospital around age 18, and they discuss how “treatments” at various facilities eliminated Juan’s sex drive by age 40. Juan describes this as “the release of want of the want of release” before commenting that “libido was the last defense” against “nothingness” (36-37). Nene asks about his romantic past, but Juan doesn’t answer.

A photograph shows an elderly couple in a room of approximately 24 cats.

Nene believes Juan is “haunted” by a “failed” adoption. He asks for more information about Juan’s other would-be mother, Zhenya (born Eleanor Byrnes)—Jan Gay’s wife. Juan only knew her briefly, then comments he only knew Nene for 18 days, yet Nene is “haunting” him. He urges Nene to mentally return to the psychiatric hospital, where Nene felt “lost” but “watched over.”

A photograph shows a young man from behind, standing in front of a sparkly curtain. He wears a pair of high-cut underwear and a sleeve around his left forearm.

In the past, Nene knows Juan as “John,” which Juan attributes to the length of his time at the psychiatric hospital: He was first committed when “every even slightly foreign name was Americanized” (40). Nene is jarred by the knowledge of Juan’s real name, though Juan is unbothered by the disconnect. Nene thinks Juan seems “free.”

Nene and Juan are younger and older than the other patients, respectively, and Nene tempers any desire to lash out so he can remain close to Juan. He reflects on his limited understanding of gender and sex, noting how, at the time, “Juan transcended what [he] thought [he] knew about sissies” (40). He views Juan’s conversations as pedagogical, further revealing his lack of knowledge about queer histories and cultures.

In the present, Nene thinks of unasked questions, feeling “watched over” by Juan even as the older man is lost in memory. Juan’s illness and medications cause tremors and teary eyes, though he insists he never cries.

Nene recalls thinking Juan’s discussion of French poet Arthur Rimbaud during their time at the psychiatric hospital was about cinematic action hero Rambo, and expresses a longing for Juan’s “disregard” and “gentle regard.” At the time, he felt “mortified” by his adolescent body.

A heavily redacted page from Sex Variants with the header “NARCISSISTIC CASES” comprises a 20-year-old man’s first-person narration of traveling the US before heading to New York. He has a sexual encounter with a Jewish man, which turns violent when the narrator suspects the other of being a detective. The narrator begins engaging in sex work with other men.

At 27, Nene is proud of his body, though embarrassed of his teeth. When Juan sleeps during the day, he “peacocks” in the room, imagining his appeal.

Nene tells Juan of his missed chance at a university scholarship, which he blames on internal chaos following his commitment to the psychiatric hospital. Juan asks if he “romanticized” the figure of the “hoodlum homosexual.”

On his 18th day in the psychiatric hospital, Nene overdoses on stolen pills from a distracted nurse, which briefly renders him comatose. After being discharged from the hospital, he is sent to another hospital. As he leaves, his belongings are returned to him, including a golden crucifix necklace that is not his; he suspects it is Juan’s, and wishes he paid more attention to the other.

In Nene’s final memory of the psychiatric hospital, he and Juan sit on a bench. Juan quotes a Spanish line from American poet Ezra Pound’s Piscine Cantos (1948)—as the predominantly English poem does contain Spanish—which translates to “I think the kings will disappear.” In the present, Nene admits to forgetting Juan for a decade before he “came rushing back […] like a flood” (47). Juan replies “Après moi, le déluge (47)—a French phrase which translates to “After me, the flood.”

Part 1, Pages 48-60 Summary

In the present, Juan keeps his two volumes of Sex Variants on a dedicated shelf. The volumes are called “MEN” and “WOMEN,” each containing three categories: “Bisexual Cases,” “Homosexual Cases,” and “Narcissistic Cases.”

Nene finds Sex Variants fragile and heavily redacted. He assumes its redactions were done by a state official until he notes their care. He calls this a “provocation,” a term he considers inadequate.

Three heavily redacted pages from Sex Variants with the headers “STUD,” “HOMO,” and “DIES” describe a child with poor eyesight who desires “to press his face against the buttocks of a man” (49) among other sexual desires—including identification with womanhood through penetration. The final page refers to being “relieved of all sex feelings” (51).

Nene struggles between his ability to laugh at his past naivete, which he learned from Juan, and genuine embarrassment.

Nene tells Juan of an embarrassing attempt to flirt with an older man, which ended in rejection. He then asks about the redactions in Sex Variants. Juan gives a noncommittal answer, and tells Nene only to be embarrassed about taking himself too seriously. He frames blackouts—which could refer to either Nene’s dissociative episodes or the redactions—as “mystery” and “frustration as art” (53).

A drawing shows five girls surrounding a sixth child of indeterminate gender. This child holds a baby and looks toward the viewer. In the bottom corner are the words “cried Manuelito happily” (54).

Nene finds that only Juan’s body is dying, finding the other’s voice “alive.”

Each morning, Nene watches Juan sleep, contrasting his ailing body with an illustration from a children’s book for which his younger self modeled.

Nene encounters a man in the hallway of Juan’s building while taking out the trash. They have a brief, silent sexual encounter in the other’s room. Nene leaves after they finish. When he returns to Juan’s room, Juan shows him a section of revealed wallpaper, and Nene wonders how to coax the other to take a bath.

After telling Juan that he “never” sleeps, Nene continues the story of his landlady. When he left her house for the last time, he saw her through a glass door, standing in front of an altar filled with photographs salvaged from the flood. Though she didn’t turn, he knew she forgave him by the reflection of her expression. Nene recalls a time several weeks before the flood, when the landlady gave him a bag of trinkets from a visit to Puerto Rico, which he handed back while dissociating. In the present, Juan asks Nene to tell him something “terrible” about his mother.

Nene flashbacks to his mother, whom he considers “a screamer,” showing Juan a shoebox full of photographs and telling him their stories. Juan is in awe of her.

A heavily redacted page from Sex Variants with the header “NARCISSISTIC CASES” describes a person named “Rose S.” using poetic language.

Part 1, Pages 61-71 Summary

Nene thinks of his family history: His father was in the Air Force shortly after the Vietnam War draft ended, and his mother was sent to a Catholic-run home for unmarried, pregnant mothers. Following religious conversion into a Jehovah’s Witness, Nene’s father summoned his mother from Brooklyn to North Dakota. He physically abused Nene’s mother, who refused to press charges despite neighbors calling the police in response to her screams.

A photograph shows the entrance to the Minot Air Force Base. A man in uniform stands in front of the entry kiosk.

For many years, Nene remembered the police officer who asked his mother, after an incident of domestic violence, “Little girl, what are you doing here?” (64). Juan invokes the Jungian-Lacanian notion of the “imago” (an emotionally charged image of a person), a reference that Nene doesn’t understand. Still, he describes his mental image of the police officer, who helped his mother and brother return to Brooklyn. Young Nene saw the policeman as heroic, but his teenage self questioned if he was racist, as his mother was white and his father Puerto Rican. He speaks of his parents with pride, despite his father’s continued abuse of him and his brother.

A photograph shows a young couple, presumably Nene’s parents. The man holds a baby, and the woman smiles. They have their faces blacked out.

When Nene is about eight, his father becomes a state trooper. Because he is Puerto Rican and speaks Spanish, he is assigned to narcotics. He begins socializing with other police officers, whom Nene’s mother calls “pigs.” Years later, Nene overhears his father speaking with his partner Hector, whom Nene likes even though he often uses Spanish—which Nene doesn’t understand well. Nene observes their closeness, worrying that their relationship is maladaptive.

Nene loses track of time at the Palace due to the absence of financial woes. He earns money doing sex work, and feels anxiety whenever money is tight; Juan soothes him. Nene begins to leave Juan’s room once per evening, to purchase a tamale (for himself) and soup (for Juan) from a bodega. The process of opening the tamale to apply salsa reminds him of an old film about voodoo dolls.

Part 1 Analysis

Part 1 of Blackouts alternates between the present and past. In the present, Nene attends a dying Juan Gay: This present is often exclusively presented through tagged dialogue, with no overarching narrative voice. The two men’s speech is thus unmediated, laid bare for readers’ interpretation. At Juan’s urging, their conversations surround Nene’s past—not only their mutual history in a psychiatric hospital 10 years ago, but Nene’s life since the men parted. This past is explored through Nene’s first-person flashbacks, which offer parallels to the present through his and Juan’s parentheticals. Occasionally, these first-person observations take place in the present, or challenge time itself. For example, Nene’s flooding of his landlady’s house due to a dissociative episode takes place after he meets Juan in a psychiatric hospital, but the flooding is recounted both before and after the men’s discussion of their time in the psychiatric hospital.

To further this instability, Nene’s understanding of time while in the Palace becomes increasingly uncertain. He and Juan maintain a daily routine of simply existing in Juan’s room and eating the same dinner—which causes days and nights to blend. While Nene occasionally leaves the Palace to earn money doing sex work (including one brief encounter inside the Palace), these experiences do not offer a clear timeline. Nene experiences many past memories as present experiences, oriented spatially rather than temporally; Juan often asks “where” Nene is to orient the “when” of their dialogue.

The novel is interspersed with visual interludes, some of which have clear connections to the narrative—like the real-life excerpts from Sex Variants: A Study of Homosexual Patterns—while others have implied connections—such as the possible photograph of Nene’s parents—or none at all. These interludes enhance the narrative itself and suggest a broader history of queer identity and Erotic Attachments. Justin Torres often does not contextualize the images until after they have been presented. For example, imagery of children are understood as possible references to Juan, who modeled for would-be mother Zhenya, in hindsight—making the imagery abrupt in the moment. This delivery of knowledge furthers the novel’s theme of (In)Complete Narratives.

Though Nene and Juan’s dialogue seems straightforward, additional context delivered through flashbacks and interludes suggests these conversations are fallible. However, the novel does not necessarily suggest fallibility is the same as untruth. Juan’s framing of the redactions in Sex Variants as “frustration as art” (53) suggests history-making and recovery are not so much about completing as they are trying to reclaim lost history. In considering Quotations and Intertextuality in Queer History-Making, Juan’s suggestion posits there is something valuable in the difficulty of uncovering this history. This unraveling mirrors his peeling of the Palace’s wallpaper to reveal a more beautiful layer of paper. The novel’s structure prompts readers to engage in the same work, to find pleasure and value not in the effortlessness of reading, but the effort of recovering history.

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By Justin Torres