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42 pages 1 hour read

Ayn Rand

Anthem

Fiction | Novella | Adult | Published in 1938

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Character Analysis

Equality 7-2521

Equality 7-2521 is both the narrator and the protagonist. As the protagonist, he is dynamic, and his character arc is centered on his process of enlightenment. As a child, Equality 7-2521 stood out from his peers, fighting with the other children and failing to conform to expectations. He deviated from the norms of his society by experiencing the Transgression of Preference, preferring science over other subjects, such as history. His Transgression of Preference continues into his adulthood, as he would prefer to work as a Scholar and enjoys the company of International 4-8818. While he feels curious, Equality 7-2521 works to suppress his individuality; however, his attitude changes after he discovers the tunnel. Instead of repressing his curiosity, he is emboldened to explore his intellectual whims and to conduct scientific experiments to better understand the natural world. His experimentation results in his discovery of electricity and electric light, and his altruism and naivety are demonstrated through his desire to share his findings with the Scholars. He shows resilience by refusing to admit his secret while under torture, and his strong instincts are depicted through his running unaware into the Uncharted Forest. After he flees, the remainder of Equality 7-2521’s character arc focuses on his continuing to educate himself—in survival, love, literature, and philosophy.

Equality 7-2521’s primary characteristics are curiosity, individualism, and arrogance. He initially rejects his curiosity and individualism, since he has been conditioned to see them as flaws rather than strengths. As he learns more about himself and the natural world, his opinion shifts, and he embraces these qualities. While arrogance if often depicted as a flaw in literature, Equality 7-2521’s arrogance is portrayed as a positive quality that is tied to his individualism. His primary flaw appears to be naivety; he assumes the Scholars will accept him and his discovery, but they do not. Later, he assumes that his peers in the City will follow him and become enlightened. Equality 7-2521’s arrogance and naivety lead him to expect that he will easily be able to build a new society and challenge the World Council. While these qualities may lead him to make mistakes, the story implies that they are also necessary: The vast majority of Equality 7-2521’s fellow citizens, had they been in his position, would have placidly remained in prison. Only someone with his combination of arrogance and naivety would have the audacity to rebel against authority. He believes it is his duty to change the world and bring down the collectivism of the World Council.

Liberty 5-3000

Liberty 5-3000 is a Peasant, or an agricultural worker. Equality 7-2521 describes her as “straight and thin as a blade of iron. Their eyes were dark and hard and glowing, with no fear in them, no kindness and no guilt” (18). Liberty 5-3000 returns Equality 7-2521’s attraction, and they both risk detection in order to interact with one another, first subtly through eye contact and obscure gestures then directly through talking and touching. She later follows Equality 7-2521 into the Uncharted Forest and becomes his domestic partner.

Although she has a primary role in the story, both as a prominent character and as Equality 7-2521’s love interest, Liberty 5-3000 is a flat character. Her character polarizes critics, with some interpreting her characterization and behavior as feminist while many others argue that her traits demonstrate misogyny. Some readers may perceive Liberty 5-3000 as a strong and independent character, citing her initial description as stoic and capable and her bravery and autonomy in running away from the City to join Equality 7-2521.

On the other hand, many aspects of the relationship between Liberty 5-3000 and Equality 7-2521 follow traditional, patriarchal patterns. She assumes a follower role when she joins Equality 7-2521 in the forest. He objectifies her by stopping and staring at her when he feels overwhelmed—“They approach us, and they stop, laughing, knowing what we think, and they wait obediently, without questions, till it pleases us to turn and go on” (48). She learns from Equality 7-2521, rather than reading books for herself, and he assigns her both her name—Gaea—and her maternal role for their children and the other people he plans to bring to his home. Despite her initial masculinized traits, Liberty 5-3000 displays feminine qualities and assumes stereotypically feminine roles, as if the author is suggesting that, when given freedom to express individuality, women will choose to be nurturing and subservient to men.

International 4-8818

International 4-8818 is a Street Sweeper and is on the same crew as Equality 7-2521. Equality 7-2521 is drawn to International 4-8818’s frequent smile, and he describes International 4-8818 as “a tall, strong youth [whose] eyes are like fireflies, for there is laughter in their eyes” (12). They discover the tunnel together, and although Equality 7-2521 is the only one to climb into the tunnel, International 4-8818 agrees to keep it secret. His willingness to risk his own safety by hiding the existence of the tunnel illustrates that their friendship is mutual. He tells Equality 7-2521, “Rather shall we be evil with you than good with all our brothers” (15).

International 4-8818 is a static character who serves to characterize Equality 7-2521 and to develop the story’s themes. The friendship between International 4-8818 and Equality 7-2521 develops the theme of individualism and love—in this case, platonic love. They value each other more highly than they do the rest of their peers, thus committing the Transgression of Preference. Both demonstrate individualistic tendencies, further suggesting that individualism is a key component of love. International 4-8818 also serves to characterize Equality 7-2521 by demonstrating that, although individualistic, Equality 7-2521 is neither selfish nor unempathetic.

Fraternity 2-5503 & Solidarity 9-6347

Fraternity 2-5503 and Solidarity 9-6347 are fellow Street Sweepers who live in the Home of the Street Sweepers with Equality 7-2521. Both of them exhibit signs of unhappiness and oppression. Fraternity 2-5503 is described as “a quiet boy with wise, kind eyes, who cry suddenly, without reason, in the midst of day or night, and their body shakes with sobs they cannot explain” (23). His bouts of weeping suggest that he experiences intense grief because of the oppressive conditions in which he lives. Solidarity 9-6347 is “a bright youth, without fear in the day, but they scream in their sleep, and they scream: ‘Help us! Help us! Help us!’ into the night, in a voice which chills our bones, but the Doctors cannot cure Solidarity 9-6347” (23). Solidarity 9-6347 represents suppressed fear, as he copes with the oppressive conditions during the day but experiences fearful outbursts at night.

Both Solidarity 2-5503 and Solidarity 9-6347 are minor characters that serve to develop the context. They demonstrate that Equality 7-2521 is not unique in his intrinsic dislike of the World Council. Equality 7-2521 empathizes with the two characters and plans to bring them to his home in the mountains. In this way, they also demonstrate Equality 7-2521’s capacity for empathy.

The World Council of the Scholars

The World Council of Scholars is a governmental panel of wise innovators. Because Equality 7-2521 is inherently curious about the world, he wants to join the Scholars—the only social group permitted to ask questions. The most recent inventions the Scholars have made are wax candles and glass windows.

Several Scholars are identified by name, including Collective 0-0009 (the “oldest and wisest” (38)), Fraternity 9-3452, Democracy 4-6998, Unanimity 7-3304, International 1-5537, Solidarity 8-1164, Alliance 6-7349, Harmony 9-2642, Unanimity 2-9913, and Similarity 5-0306. This long list of names helps to establish conventions used in the world of this novella. Every person is assigned an ID with a collective word and a unique numerical identifier. The words represent not unique attributes but collectivist virtues prized by this society.

The Scholars are shocked and offended when Equality 7-2521 presents his electric light. They scold Equality 7-2521 for his arrogant individualism, and they decide to turn him over to the World Council for punishment, given the severity of his crimes. The Scholars’ reaction is portrayed as an absurd overreaction that demonstrates their ignorance and fear. The fact that they refuse to consider the value of Equality 7-2521’s discovery alludes to fear of change and to cognitive bias. By rejecting Equality 7-2521, they become an antagonistic force.

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