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Max MarshallA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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Mikey is arrested for the first time during Hell Week, when he and the other KA pledges kidnap an older KA member. This is a ritual where pledges get to “punish whichever older kid had hazed them the worst that semester” (60). Mikey and the other pledges are pulled over with the older boy blindfolded and tied up in the car. Their victim does not press charges, but Mikey is arrested for reckless driving without a license. When police repeatedly ask him about marijuana, he wonders if 7 Montagu is being surveilled. Rob moves his stash of weed to another house. Mikey stops selling fake IDs because the legal consequences can be harsh. He pivots to dealing more weed, which he has been doing since he was 15. He and Rob set up a successful operation, as most C of C students smoke weed.
As a KA, Mikey enjoys access to sorority parties, bars on King Street, girls, drugs, and alcohol, as though he were in a Hollywood movie. The KA boys love The Wolf of Wall Street, which they do not see as satire; they call themselves the “Wolves of King Street” (67). Mikey and Rob’s weed business grows. SAE members Ben Nauss and Russell Sliker—two of the young men later arrested in the drug bust—also deal weed and have a bigger share of the market.
In the spring of 2013, Mikey is arrested again at a horse race but is released without being charged. In the spring of the previous year, three C of C KAs died within 6 months of each other, but the partying continued as if nothing had happened.
Marshall, researching for this book, gets Mikey’s contraband prison phone number, and the two start talking. They discuss who Mikey believes killed Patrick Moffly, and Mikey tells Marshall to cast a wide net as he investigates.
They talk about the KA members who died in 2011 and 2012: Hawkins had dependency issues with Xanax and Oxycodone, though his cause of death is not mentioned in his obituary; Spencer fell off a roof; Ryan died in his apartment. KA members at C of C threw parties to commemorate them, but the college administrators did not investigate any of the deaths because the boys who died were either no longer KA members or C of C students when they died. They also all died off campus. Hawkins’s Xanax dependency made some KAs reconsider the culture of Xanax use, but no formal changes were made.
Xanax, or alprazolam, is typically used to treat panic attacks. It usually comes in a 2mg rectangle, or “bar,” that can be divided into 0.5mg quarter bars, colloquially called “QBs.” Marshall's friends used it in college as a hangover cure. Xanax lowers anxiety, breathing rate, blood pressure, and heart rate. C of C alumni describe taking Xanax “on nights before tests when they couldn’t sleep, on mornings after breakups with their high school girlfriends, and before parties when they wanted to feel chill” (85). Students access Xanax by getting a prescription or through a black-market dealer.
The first time Mikey takes Xanax, he is unaware that he has taken it. He blacks out and does not remember the rest of the night. For the rest of his first year of college, he does not take it again. He continues to deal weed and party with other KA members. He loses interest in school and, when his GPA drops below 2.4, he quits college and moves back to Atlanta with his mother.
Marshall loses touch with Mikey after their first phone conversation in 2020. He checks South Carolina’s Incarcerated Inmate Search database and learns that Mikey has received disciplinary sanctions for “two counts of marijuana use and one count of cell phone possession” (88).
Rob starts his third year at C of C while Mikey is at home in Georgia. Mikey starts dating Alexis, a high school senior. His mom and stepdad insist that he get a job if he wants to continue living with them. He starts working as a valet at a local nightclub called Tongue and Groove. Mikey resents being treated like a servant and has a hard time being away from his best friend, Rob. Rob is doing well socially as a KA, and he is also thriving in his academics and in student government. C of C becomes more progressive, but frats remain very conservative. KAs often fly Confederate flags and recite chants like “One, two, three, Robert E. Lee! Three, two, one, South shoulda won!” (95).
While Rob continues to deal weed, wealthier SAE fraternity members begin selling black-market Xanax, which they buy from pharmaceutical portals on the dark web. Many get their Xanax supply from Zack Kligman, who is not a C of C student. Rob realizes that Xanax is lightweight and has no smell, making it easier to smuggle than weed. There is also no trafficking-level charge for alprazolam in South Carolina.
Xanax skyrockets in popularity at C of C because it can enhance the effects of alcohol, marijuana, and drugs like cocaine. Different combinations yield different results. Friends even slip Xanax into each other’s drinks, a maneuver called a “QB Sneak.” In 2014, Rob becomes the president of the C of C KA chapter, giving him power over many aspects of KA life, including the responsibility to stop hazing. Mikey starts making connections at Tongue and Grove; he befriends Biscuit, a regular with ties to the music industry.
Mikey begins working with Biscuit. They coordinate rap shows at college fraternities, and Mikey befriends rapper Waka Flocka Flame. Johnny Drama, the foremost Xanax dealer in Charleston, is busted by police and stops selling Xanax for good. Zack Kligman steps up to fill the vacuum left behind. He earns the nickname “Charleston Kingpin.” He was arrested once in 2011 at the age of 19 with “a jar of weed, five bags of molly powder, a book of drug ledgers, and a pack of LSD gummies” (112) in his car, but the charges were dismissed. Despite some subsequent arrests, when he starts dealing Xanax in 2013, he has “never been convicted of a crime” (112). Though Zack deals all kinds of drugs, Xanax becomes his specialty. Ben Nauss, Russell Sliker, and Rob all deal for him.
As president of the C of C KA chapter, Rob improves the fraternity’s finances, allowing them to throw better parties. He also buys bulk orders of Xanax from Zack and sells them to smaller dealers on campus. He begins working with Mikey in Atlanta. In addition to dealing Xanax at C of C, Rob sends Xanax to Atlanta for Mikey to sell, and Mikey sells the pills to other college campuses in the South. Between the two of them, Rob and Mikey sell 10,000 bars of Xanax per week. They make a huge amount of money, and Mikey quits his job at Tongue and Groove. On campuses, more and more students develop a dependency on alprazolam. Many black out on Xanax rather than risk the social ostracization of refusing to party.
Marshall asks KA alumni if they ever spiked alcoholic punch with Xanax at parties, or if they used Xanax as a date rape drug. Everyone insists they would not “do that with women” and “didn’t want to waste the Xanax” (119). However, many women who attended C of C confirm that KA boys did spike the punch at parties. Strangely, KA members willingly drank their own spiked punch; they “roofied their victims and themselves” (120), giving them plausible deniability when confronted.
These chapters begin to detail Mikey and Rob’s growing involvement in drug dealing. Frat boys like Mikey and Rob continuously engage in complicated arithmetic to decide what they can and cannot get away with: Mikey decides that fake IDs are too risky, but Rob is drawn to black market Xanax because it is less dangerous than dealing weed. As wealthy white fraternity members, they know that they can get away with quite a lot—an arrest, as the narrative demonstrates, is not necessarily going to be a big deal for these students. This is one of the many ways that Privilege and Institutionalized Racism informs KA member experiences. Mikey, Rob, and Zack can deal various drugs with fairly minimal concerns about arrest, while people of color (especially Black men) in America are much more likely to be disproportionately arrested and convicted for possession of comparatively small amounts of marijuana.
However, while boys like Mikey and Rob can get away with quite a lot when it comes to drug dealing, they are rapidly creating an unusually large business selling tens of thousands of pills. It may be true that the majority of C of C students at this time were using or dealing Xanax, but relatively few individuals were dealing any drug at such a massive scale. Even Marshall, who knew a lot about fraternity culture and college drug use before writing this book, says that he was very surprised by the level that Mikey, Rob, Zack, and their associates reached before police arrested them. These chapters of the book also explain how that very large drug-dealing network expanded to include not just C of C, but many other colleges in a large geographical area.
The racist roots of KA become a little more obvious in this section of the book. The KA adoration of Robert E. Lee extends to a chant saying that the South should have won the American Civil War. KA members fly Confederate flags. These details illustrate the casual racism and white supremacy that forms the backdrop of a lot of the culture at KA and in other fraternities. Instead of being organizations designed to help young men connect and thrive, fraternities like KA uphold the status quo and engage in white supremacist rhetoric.
Fraternity Culture and Misogyny also remain closely connected in this section. Mikey is particularly pleased that his membership in Kappa Alpha makes it easier for him to spend time with girls in sororities. Widespread Xanax use contributes to rape culture when frat members spike alcoholic drinks with crushed-up Xanax. Combining Xanax with alcohol can lead to a blackout, which does not refer to a loss of consciousness but to a loss of memory—people can party all night and remember nothing the next day. This makes Xanax a potential date rape drug, but it also means that frat members who combine Xanax and alcohol do not have to worry about having embarrassing memories of failing to flirt with women. Blacking out also reduces the pressure to perform sexually.
The Impacts of Benzodiazepine Misuse go beyond rape culture. KA members are aware that the drug’s popularity is dangerous and sometimes deadly, but because everyone enjoys having easy access to party drugs, they are unwilling to change anything. Many people in C of C’s party culture are comfortable in their positions of privilege and enjoy the many benefits of a permissive drug culture. Marshall notes with particular concern that when KAs died suddenly, nothing really changed. Three deaths in six months was an unusual pattern, but none of them made any difference to the C of C frat culture of hardcore hazing and drug use, which suggests that the risks of dependency were ignored. The lack of interest in investigating drug-related deaths is not unlike the lack of interest in investigating hazing deaths.
These issues are the dark side of a college culture that markets itself as a positive and meaningful part of undergraduates’ lives. Xanax is particularly difficult for students to move away from, partly because of its potential to induce dependency. Marshall’s narrative thus creates links between the individual drug-dealing activities of young men like Mikey and Rob and the wider party culture common in American fraternities.
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