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43 pages 1 hour read

Anonymous

A Woman in Berlin

Nonfiction | Autobiography / Memoir | Adult | Published in 1953

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Part 3Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 3: “June”

Part 3, Chapters 1-5 Summary

On Friday 1 June, the flowers begin to sprout in Marta’s window boxes. She eats a small breakfast and then sets out across the city to visit an old work friend named Hilde. When Marta arrives at Hilde’s house, Hilde seems quiet. Finally, she begins to talk without emotion: her brother was killed during the fighting and, while she was not raped herself, saw other women and young girls raped. Marta notes that Hilde has been “marked for life” (159). On her way home, Marta visits Gisela. One of the two girls staying at Gisela’s house is sick and likely pregnant with her rapist’s baby. They eat nettles and a thin flour soup together. On her walk home, Marta sees numerous coffins.

Marta tracks down the workman who stole her radio. Though he pleads ignorance, she tricks him into returning it. Afterward, however, she feels “grubby” (161). At home, she watches a woman sewing an American flag and ponders the difficulty of making a flag for each nation. That afternoon, Ilse visits with a possible business proposition. A Hungarian with American money wants to start a press, and because Marta has publishing experience, they want her to help. The plan does not sound feasible to her, but she agrees to go to the meeting anyway.

On Sunday 3 June, Marta eats her rapidly diminishing rations and then visits the Hungarian man. He seems highly ambitious, and Marta helps him mock up a front page. Marta returns home and treats herself to a glass of sugar, which she eats slowly off of the tip of her finger.

The next day, Marta returns to the nascent publishing operation to work on a selection of magazine titles. She brings a selection of banned books, borrowed from the bookseller, which the Hungarian aims to publish regardless of possible copyright issues. As she walks home, she watches caravans of tired, haggard refugees, mostly old men, women, and children, leaving the city. She thinks about the way in which society treats its elderly.

A toothache causes Marta to sleep badly. On Tuesday 5 June, she returns again to the publishing company. Each day, she walks almost 12 miles, but she is not eating enough to sustain her. She works all day and then walks home, whereupon the widow informs her that Nikolai dropped by and intends to do so again. He arrives that evening and is shocked to see that Marta is “all skin and bones” (165). They talk a while, and she comes to understand that Nikolai has only visited to say goodbye. As he leaves, he presses money into her hand. Marta thinks about spending it on food, but she knows she must cling to what little money she has. 

Part 3, Chapters 6-10 Summary

After a long day of walking and working, Marta returns home to have a bath. She has spent the day with the Hungarian, acquiring the right papers for the business and searching for office space. Ilse’s husband has been offered a job in Moscow, resulting in a heated debate over whether he should take it. News filters through of the Allies negotiating, and Marta knows that the Germans must accept that they are “finished” (167).

On her day off, Marta picks up her rations and forages for nettles. After eating, she calculates that her period is two weeks late. She visits a doctor who tells her that she is not pregnant; she is malnourished. The doctor instructs her to “get a little meat on your bones” (168), and her body will return to normal. Marta tries to ask the doctor whether many of the rape victims have become pregnant, but the doctor will not say. Marta spends the evening alone, pondering her future.

On Friday 8 June, Marta discovers that the trams have resumed service. At the publishers, she and Ilse work on a women’s magazine. She walks home, always on the lookout for more nettles. In the faces of the people she passes, she sees the pain caused by “bitter, bitter defeat” (169).

The publishers agree that Marta will work every other day when she has so little to eat. She collects her meagre rations, which she combines with “an entire mountain of nettle shoots, orache and dandelions” (170). That afternoon, she gets a haircut, and the hairdresser washes a pound of dirt from her hair.

Marta petitions her local police asking for permission to use the abandoned garden near her house to grow food, but no one seems able to grant her request. She picks nettles on the way home; her exhaustion causes her vision to become misty, and writing is difficult. The ration of potatoes which were meant to last until the end of July are already beginning to rot, and Marta is eating more than her ration schedule can provide her in the long term. 

Part 3, Chapters 11-15 Summary

On Tuesday 12 June, Marta walks to the publishers because the trams are out of commission again. On the way to work, she sees bodies being exhumed from temporary graves. The smell is overwhelming. Typhus has begun to spread through the city, affecting many people including the widow’s lodger. The widow shares the scurrilous rumors that she has heard. In a note in the margin of her diary, Marta mentions a woman who has been murdered by four men who remain at large.

On Wednesday 13 June, Marta and the widow search for nettles. Marta visits the townhall to inquire about her wages from her work as a washerwoman. She gives her name as being a person who must be paid, and she learns that she must wait “until there’s money in the coffers again” (174). She rides the tram home and hears stories about Germans being whipped at the Czech border. Later, she visits the cinema and watches a Russian film. Though she enjoys the film, Marta feels deeply saddened.

Marta walks again to the publishers, stretching out her pitiful rations as far as she can. That evening, she is able to procure a ration of fat: sunflower oil. Her apartment smells like a Russian cafeteria.

On Friday 15 June, Marta, the Hungarian, and Ilse’s husband break into Marta’s old publishing company to steal what they can. That evening, Marta tries to read and listens to more reports about extermination camps on the radio.

Marta admits that she has not been writing in her diary and that she will not be writing for the foreseeable future as “that time is over” (177). In a span of days covering 16-22 June, she recounts what has happened: Gerd, her boyfriend, has appeared at her door. He has just returned from the eastern front. She cooks the little food he has with him, and they try to rekindle their love, but Gerd is distant. Marta suspects that he sees her as ruined by her experiences. Over the coming days, more troops begin to return home. Many men drop by to visit Gerd, and he wants Marta to cook for them, but she wants to ration their food, leading to tension between them. Everything she does causes Gerd to shout at her angrily. She remembers the day six years earlier when he took her out into the countryside on a surprise trip; that day, he told her that he was to be drafted. Gerd reads Marta’s diaries, but he claims that he cannot read her handwriting. When Gerd leaves with a friend, Marta is unsure that he will return.

The plans for the publishing company have stalled. Political changes are predicted, but Marta finds it hard to care. She has too many of her own issues, such as her leaking roof and dwindling rations. She ends the diary by wondering whether Gerd still thinks of her and whether there might be a future for them together. 

Part 3 Analysis

The final month documented in the diaries portrays the slow exit of the Russians from the city, leaving the traumatized German citizens to fare for themselves. One of the biggest concerns at this point is food. Though new ration books are issued, Marta finds she is hungry all the time. She is malnourished to the point where people do not recognize her and her menstruation becomes absent, problems which are exacerbated by her need to walk 12 miles each day in order to chase the idea of a potential job in the publishing world. This job is not guaranteed and by no means official, but Marta gambles on the hope that the Hungarian’s dreams might one day become a bona fide publishing empire. As such, she finds herself back where she started at the beginning of the diary: foraging for nettles, living in her tiny attic apartment, and losing all hope that a better future awaits her. Even through the diaries are structured on a day-to-day basis, this repetition creates a clear cyclical loop. At the end of the memoir, Marta still must face many of the problems she thought she had left behind. Nothing much has changed in a material sense, but now, Marta must deal with having been raped as well as all of the accumulated trauma she has sustained while under constant threat of sexual violence.

Amid this pressing darkness, there are green shoots of hope. The publishing company seems like the ideal vehicle for her ambitions. She meets with the Hungarian who is seemingly unaffected by the collective trauma which has befallen the German women. While most people can focus only on the immediate and discuss their violent experiences in raw brutal tones, the Hungarian is looking to the future. He is one of the only individual’s in Marta’s world who is able to envisage a time that might exist more than a few days in advance.

For the Germans, the constant threat of an invading army means that survival has been at the forefront of their minds for months. For the Russians, their lust for revenge, exacerbated by extensive alcohol use, has led them to indulgent and spontaneously violent behavior. Only the Hungarian can think about a post-war world, which makes him the conduit for all ambition and hope in the closing stages of the novel. In the final entries, however, his plans for a publishing empire collapse against the bureaucracy of the foundling state. Thus, the one strand of hope present in the diaries is extinguished with little more than a single sentence.

If the Hungarian is Marta’s hope for a professional future, then the return of Gerd is her hope for a romantic future. As soon as Gerd appears at her door, however, the reader senses that their relationship is likely doomed. They look upon one another as empty vessels that represent an idea of the past which has since evaporated. To Gerd, Marta represents all of his failures. He was unable to protect her, and her rape at the hands of the Russians only emphasize his military failings. Because he lacks the ability to vocalize these emotions, he shouts at Marta, taking his frustration and rage out on her. If she is too quiet, he shouts. If she tries to speak, he shouts. He resents her presence at all times and treats her with scorn. Though the memory of Gerd has helped Marta cope with difficult moments, Gerd in the flesh, at this stage, are not materially different from a drunkenly emotional Russian soldier. Though she once loved Gerd, the trauma of recent events and the changes he has sustained on the front means that Marta can no longer look at him in a loving fashion. The few days they spend together are an awkward, bitter reminder of their lost innocence.

Marta ends the diary on a vague note, wondering whether she and Gerd might one day be able to be together. This decision demonstrates the effect that the recent months have had on Marta. Even when attempting to envisage a future, the best she can hope for is a hollow relationship with a man who appears to loathe her. This tragic note is a fitting end to a book which documents one of the most traumatic moments in the 20th Century. 

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