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64 pages 2 hours read

Ruth Ozeki

A Tale For The Time Being

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2013

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Chapters 1-4Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 1 Summary: “Nao”

The first chapter is narrated by sixteen-year-old Naoko “Nao” Yasutani, who is writing the story in her diary in “a French maid café” in the “Akiba Electricity Town” district of Tokyo (3). Nao introduces herself as a “time being,” which she explains is “someone who lives in time, and that means you, and me, and every one of us who is, or was, or ever will be” (3). She speculates about what her future reader will be doing while reading her book, which “happens to be the diary of [her] last days on earth” (3). Nao goes on to describe the café where she is drinking black coffee and watching the waitresses roleplaying as maid servants. After spotting a businessman staring at her, Nao concludes by the way he is looking that he must have a schoolgirl fetish and imagines lurid scenarios in which he might try to seduce and assault her. Nao then goes on to explain that the real purpose of her book is to tell the story of her 104-year-old great-grandmother, Yasutani Jiko, a Zen Buddhist nun who was also a novelist and a radical feminist during the Taisho era. Before concluding her entry, Nao mentions that she will soon “drop out of time”(7).

Chapter 2 Summary: “Ruth”

The story switches to the third-person point of view and begins following the character of Ruth, a Japanese-American novelist living on an island off the coast of Western Canada. While walking along the beach one day, Ruth spots “a scarred plastic freezer bag, encrusted with barnacles” (8) and decides to bring it home to throw away. At home, her husband, Oliver, opens the bag out of curiosity and discovers that it contains a Hello Kitty lunchbox. Inside the lunchbox they find a stack of letters written in Japanese, a notebook written in French, “a pudgy bound book with a faded red cover” (10), and an antique wristwatch. Ruth tries to make out the Japanese writing in the letters, but they are written in old-fashioned cursive that is difficult to decipher. At first glance, the bound book appears to be a copy of Marcel’s Proust’s À la recherche du temps perdu. When Ruth opens it up, however, she discovers that it is a diary, written in English “with some Japanese characters scattered here and there” (12). Ruth believes it to be the handwriting of a teenage girl and reads the first sentence: “Hi! My name is Nao, and I am a time being. Do you know what a time being is?” (12). Oliver observes that the lunchbox may be flotsam from the wreckage caused by the recent tsunami in Northern Japan.

Chapter 3 Summary: “Nao”

The story returns to the perspective of Nao, who is still writing in the French maid café. She begins by saying that she texted her Jiko, her great-grandmother, about where she should begin her story; Jiko replied: “You should start where you are” (15). Because of this, Nao begins with the French maid café. She explains that a few years ago, maid cafés—restaurants in Japan where servers roleplay as French maids and wait on customers as if they were 18th-century masters and mistresses—were all the rage in Tokyo, but now they have gone out of fashion and only remain popular with tourists.

Nao explains that the book she is writing in came from a boutique in Tokyo that sells novelty DIY items, including copies of classic books that have been “hacked” (21) and turned into diaries by removing the original pages and replacing them with blank ones. Nao chooses the diary that looks like a copy of Proust’s À la recherche du temps perdu because she believes it will fool her bullying classmates and keep them from stealing it. After writing in the book for the first time, she goes home and googles the title of the book and learns that it means “in search of lost time.” She is struck by how well the title of Proust’s book matches what she wants to write about since she is also interested in lost time. Nao explains that “the idea of the time being” originated in a book called Shōbōgenzō written by the ancient Zen master Dōgen Zenji around 800 years ago. The reason she’s decided to write about Jiko in her À la recherche du temps perdu diary is because “she is the only person [she] know who really understands time” (24). According to Nao, Jiko is “supercareful with her time” (24) and does everything very slowly and deliberately. Nao admires this quality in her great-grandmother, but it also upsets her because she knows that no matter how long Jiko takes to do things, she is still inevitably nearing the end of her life.

At first, Nao couldn’t think of a good reason to write down everything about Jiko’s life because she will soon be gone herself, and she doesn’t think she knows anyone who would really care about her stories. Suddenly, however, she comes up with a purpose for her book: “I will write down everything I know about Jiko’s life in Marcel’s book, and when I’m done, I’ll just leave it somewhere, and you will find it!” (26). She concludes the entry by observing that she is not sure how long her project will take her: “There are lots of blank pages, and Jiko’s got lots of stories, and I write pretty slow, but I’m going to work really hard, and probably by the time I’m done filling my last page, old Jiko will be dead, and it will be my time, too” (27).

Chapter 4 Summary: “Ruth”

Ruth has just finished reading the next section of Nao’s diary. Because she has been struggling to understand some of Nao’s colloquial phrases and references to Japanese pop culture, she has begun to use the Internet to decipher Nao’s language and annotate the text as she reads. She does a Google search for information about Jiko Yasutani, “the anarchist feminist Zen Buddhist novelist nun” (29), but cannot find anything. She also researches Dōgen, the ancient Zen master who wrote Shōbōgenzō, translated in English as The Treasury of the True Dharma Eye, and the origins of the phrase “time being.” She learns that Dōgen had a complex notion of time that she finds “poetic but somewhat opaque”(30). Ruth worries about what happened to Nao and whether she did end up killing herself or if she died another way, such as in the tsunami. Looking at the cover of the diary, she thinks about her latest writing project, a memoir about her mother’s struggles with and death from Alzheimer’s. She has been working on the book for more than a decade and feels “a quickening flush of panic at the thought of all her own lost time, the confused mess she’d made of this draft, and the work that still needed to be done to sort it all out” (31).

That night, Ruth reads the first few entries in Nao’s diary aloud to Oliver while they are lying in bed. Oliver observes how fortunate it is that the lunchbox escaped the force of the Pacific Gyre and washed up on their shores instead of ending up in the Great Garbage Patches of the ocean. After Oliver falls asleep, Ruth resolves to read Nao’s diary at the same pace at which Nao wrote it so that she can “more closely replicate Nao’s experience” (38). After falling asleep, she has a dream about an elderly nun in a Buddhist temple who is typing a response to Nao’s questions about time and enlightenment. After writing her response, the nun goes outside into the garden and raises her arms to the sky.

Chapters 1-4 Analysis

A Tale for the Time Being switches between chapters told from the first-person perspective of Nao, who is writing in Tokyo in the early 2000s, and chapters told in the third-person focusing on Ruth and her experience of reading the diary. Nao’s style of narration is very distinctive; she writes in a humorous, engaging, and highly self-aware way. She often frequently addresses the reader directly and imagines what her future reader will be like. When the novel begins, it appears as if Nao is speaking directly to the readers. By the second chapter, however, it is revealed that the character of Ruth is reading the diary and thus Ruth is the reader that Nao is addressing. The novel reinforces that Ruth is reading the diary by including footnotes that are supposed to be the notes and annotations that Ruth makes as she is reading the diary.

From the beginning, A Tale for the Time Being clearly has elements of metafiction. For instance, the fictional character of Ruth shares many similarities with the novel’s real-life author, Ruth Ozeki. Ozeki is also a Japanese American novelist who lives on a small Canadian island with her husband, an environmental artist named Oliver. The novel is also particularly interested in exploring the processes of reading and writing and the ways in which readers and writers interact. In the novel, Ruth is a writer who spends most of the book reading rather than writing. Similarly, Nao spends most of the novel writing but is very invested in imagining what kind of reader will eventually read her diary. In interviews, Ozeki has described the novel as about “a character creating a novelist”; Nao’s diary appears like “a message in a bottle” to Ruth and functions as a metaphor for how inspiration reaches an author and begins the storytelling process.

One of the major themes that emerges in the first chapters of the novel is the concept of time, particularly the idea of the “time being” to which the title refers. As Nao explains in the first chapter, the concept of the “time being” comes from the Zen Buddhist master Dōgen’s masterwork, the Shōbōgenzō, translated in English as The Treasury of the True Dharma Eye. In the passage Ruth reads, he states:“Time itself is being, and all being is time…In essence everything in the entire universe is intimately linked with each as moments in time, continuous and separate” (31).Dōgen claims that all beings exist as moments of time, which are both interconnected and separate. For Dōgen, time exists only as you exist in it; it does not pass away or go by because you can only know the moment in which you are existing. Dōgen—and Zen Buddhism in general—urges people to embrace the present moment and accept that one lives “for the time being.” This notion of time and its importance in Zen Buddhism is demonstrated in the way that the character of Jiko, Nao’s great-grandmother and a Zen Buddhist nun, takes her time in performing even the simplest actions as a way of living in the present moment.

Nao’s diary is also made of an old copy of Marcel Proust’s masterpiece, À la recherche du temps perdu, or In Search of Lost Time. Both Nao and Ruth are interested in the idea of “lost time” and frequently imagine writing as a “search for lost time,” or an attempt to retrieve the present from the past. Ruth, for instance, feels as if she is losing time because of her inability to finish the memoir about her mother. Nao feels as if she is running out of time to write down Jiko’s life story and as if she will soon drop out of time and existence by committing suicide.

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