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61 pages 2 hours read

Paula Hawkins

A Slow Fire Burning

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2021

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Themes

The Loneliness and Alienation of Marginalized Individuals

Many characters experience discrimination and stigma in the novel based on various types of marginalization. However, while representing the suffering of these characters, Hawkins also shows that they have the capacity to reclaim agency and find happiness when they work together. Laura, Miriam, Irene, and Angela are all marginalized and largely seen as pitiful by society. Laura has a physical disability, a history of legal infractions, and very little money; she has been mocked, misunderstood, and abused because she does not have traditionally feminine characteristics. Miriam is isolated, physically unattractive, and lacking in money; she feels an affinity for Laura because, as she explains, “I recognize the damage in you, because I’ve been damaged too” (189). Miriam and Laura are both angry and embittered because of past traumas and the lack of power they wield in their own lives.

Angela has already died when the novel begins, but the backstories of other characters show that she was alienated from her son, isolated, and suffering from alcoholism. Angela’s marginalization is revealed through the dismissive attitude the police take towards her death: They assume her drunken actions caused her death. Irene has perhaps the most complex relationship to social marginalization; being elderly, she does lead a very isolated life and is aware that most people perceive her as limited by her age. However, Irene has many happy memories, is content with her past, and hopeful about her future: She reflects that she had “a perfectly good life” (124). Irene’s character reveals that that an individual can be subject to stigma and marginalization but be living happily by her own standards.

By the end of the novel, Miriam, Irene, and Laura have all found some version of peace and security. Laura is exonerated from Daniel’s death and can finally imagine a happier and more stable future for herself with her chosen family. Irene is planning a trip to Italy as “she’d always wanted to go to a place called Positano” (298). Irene not only overcomes her marginalization, but she also uses it to her advantage; her fly-on-the-wall perspective allows her to make observations of what is going on around her, solve the crime, and entrap Carla. Miriam reclaims her agency by killing the man who abducted and hurt her many years ago. She is justified into taking the law into her own hands because the police failed to pursue her killer despite never finding a body. Because they band together and look for opportunities to exercise agency where they can, these marginalized characters end up able to build happier futures for themselves.

The Effects of Parental Rejection on Character Development

Laura and Daniel are disappointments to their parents and experience rejection and betrayal as a result. Due to this rejection, both Laura and Daniel become warped and antisocial. The arc of the two characters shows that while the effects of parental betrayal result in self-loathing in children, the children, once adults, can choose how to live their lives. Daniel becomes consumed by anger and self-loathing while Laura is able to achieve a trusting and nurturing relationship with her chosen family. Creating a positive outcome is not easy, but it is possible with proper emotional support.

At first, both Daniel and Laura embrace their feelings of rejection as a survival mechanism. Daniel grows up with a mother who is very unhappy and finds it hard to connect with her son; From the beginning, Angela regretted having children and saw Daniel as a problem. Daniel’s strained relationship with his mother causes him to become consumed with self-loathing. To cope, Daniel embraces the role of the misfit: Carla observes that “instead of making himself the hero of his own story, [Daniel] had made himself the villain” (241).

In contrast, Laura begins life with a relatively happy childhood but begins to suffer as a result of her mother’s unhappiness. Janine becomes embittered with her domestic life in a small town and has an affair. When her lover, Richard, accidentally hits Laura with his car, Janine focuses on how to help him rather than her own child. Janine describes the accident as “something terrible [that] happened to Richard” (160) and lies to cover up his involvement. This experience makes it hard for Laura to trust other people since her mother rejected her during her most vulnerable moment, even lying to her afterwards to manipulate Laura’s memory of the event. Laura’s angry outbursts are partially explained by the brain injury she suffers in the accident and partially by the rage she continues to feel at her mother’s betrayal.

The absent fathers feed into this cycle of betrayal as well. Daniel’s father was never present (Angela was not married), and Daniel felt his father’s absence was a form of rejection. Laura’s father remarried and prioritizes Diedre’s needs over Laura’s, leading to his and Laura’s estrangement.

Both Daniel and Laura struggle with anger and resentment towards their parents. However, while Laura can be suspicious and belligerent, she remains capable of empathy. When she first meets Irene, Laura shows great tenderness to the elderly woman. Irene and Laura develop an unlikely but deep friendship in which both respect and nurture each other. Laura takes Irene seriously while Irene takes on a maternal role that finally allows Laura to feel safe. Daniel, on the other hand, becomes preoccupied with hurting people, especially women, but because Daniel died leaving only his sketchbook, the extent of his behavior cannot be determined. His sketch of Carla naked was subject to interpretation until it was revealed that he sketched her without her knowledge and did not sleep with her. His sketches of the events surrounding Ben’s death are also subject to interpretation: Do they betray his guilty conscience, or, like his sketch of Carla, do they depict a fantasy of what he wished had happened? Daniel is a tragic character because no one knows how he would have developed emotionally if he had lived, whether he would have escalated his cruel behavior or whether he would have found a nurturing, redemptive relationship as did Laura.

The Consequences of Being Obsessed with the Past

A theme that binds all of the major characters is that their identities have been shaped by their obsessions with the past. Theo and Carla are haunted by the loss of their son, Miriam is fixated on her traumatic past and Theo’s theft of her story, Laura is focused on her parents’ betrayal her in the aftermath of her accident, and Irene lingers on memories of her late husband. Because of these obsessions, characters make risky choices and are often unable to move forward with their lives. While their obsessions give them drive and energy, they keep most of the characters static and caught in cycles of self-destructive behavior.

Miriam’s fixation on how Theo has betrayed her and stolen her story motivates her to frame Carla for Daniel’s murder. Miriam’s obsessive desire to hurt Theo helps her devise a clever and shrewd plan (she unwittingly identifies the actual killer), but it also clouds her empathy and leads her to treat Carla as disposable. Miriam believes that she is reclaiming agency by misdirecting the murder investigation, but she is also risking charges against herself. Notably, she intends to hurt Theo by proxy, rather than trying to frame him directly for the murder: She believes that she is not powerful enough to frame Theo, so she chooses his wife as a more vulnerable target. This calculation proves she has a predatory side that she excuses by focusing on her own victimization.

Carla goes to even more extreme lengths to hurt someone due to her fixation on the past. Because she carries so much grief over her son’s death, Carla kills Daniel based on inconclusive evidence that he might have caused Ben’s death. Even though she initially reflects that she wasn’t intending to hurt Daniel when she went to his boat, she later admits that that, “she’d known from the first moment she saw that drawing […] exactly what she was going to do to him” (274). Carla later defends her crime to Irene as the natural extension of her maternal feelings. She challenges Irene with an ad hominem attack, saying “how could you possibly understand what it is to love a child?” (286). While Carla thinks her actions are justified, her obsession with the past leads her to take someone’s life based on questionable evidence and forfeit the chance to move forward in life with the man who loves her.  

Laura has good reason to be fixated on the past. Unlike the other characters, she suffered lasting emotional, psychological, neurological, and physical damage from the events of her childhood. The car accident left her literally and figuratively scarred, and she suffered years of gaslighting at the hands of her mother, who warped Laura’s memory of the event to keep her lover out of prison. Unlike the characters, who partly choose to dwell on the past, Laura has the past imposed upon her in the form of her injuries and her estranged relationship with her father and stepmother. She has difficulty forming relationships and keeping her job and is arguably the most vulnerable character in the novel; she is the only one the police arrest for the murder despite her innocence. Laura is able to move forward because she refuses to let the past define her. Having found a supportive mother figure in Irene, Laura heals from her wounds and learns to accept herself even if others do not.

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