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51 pages 1 hour read

Ernest Hemingway

A Moveable Feast

Nonfiction | Autobiography / Memoir | Adult | Published in 1964

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Chapters 11-15Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 11 Summary: “With Pascin at the Dôme”

After a hard day’s work, Hemingway walks across the street to Negre de Toulhouse for dinner. The owner, Mr. Lavigne, tells Hemingway that he had seen him working at the Closerie des Lilas and that he “had the air of a man alone in the jungle” (46). Hemingway decides to walk through the streets of Paris instead of attending the horse races. The tempting memory of the horse races reminds him that they are no place for a man with a wife who is trying to make writing prose his full-time job. Hemingway reflects that, “In Paris, then, you could live very well on almost nothing and by skipping meals occasionally and never buying any new clothes, you could save and have luxuries” (47). Hemingway recalls that many of the people he wrote about had strong appetites and a desire for food.

As Hemingway walks, he approaches The Dôme and decides to sit at a table with the painter Pascin and two models. Hemingway describes Pascin as “steady, purposefully drunk” and a good painter (47). He asks Hemingway if he’d like to sleep with one of the models, making everyone at the table feel uncomfortable. The three invite Hemingway to dinner but he declines and quickly leaves. Despite Pascin’s grandiosity and ego, Hemingway likes to remember him as he saw him that night in the Dôme, since Pascin ultimately took his own life: “They say the seeds of what we will do are in all of us, but it always seemed to me that in those who makes jokes in life the seeds are covered with better soil and with a higher grade of manure” (50). It is harder to see the inner struggle of someone who presents as joyful and humorous.

Chapter 12 Summary: “Ezra Pound and His Bel Esprit”

Hemingway introduces Ezra Pound and his writing, describing how “His own writing, when he would hit it right, was so perfect, and he was so sincere in his mistakes and so enamored of his errors, and so kind to people that I always thought of him as sort of a saint” (50). Pound enjoyed Japanese art, but Hemingway preferred the paintings of his wife Dorothy. Hemingway observes that Pound often likes the art of his close friends, something which Hemingway remained quiet about. He figured that liking the art of close friends was similar to how families like one another.

Hemingway reflects on Pound’s inability to grasp the basics of boxing. One day Pound insists they do a lesson while his friend Wyndham Lewis is present. Lewis, Hemingway writes, “reminded me of a frog, not a bullfrog but just any frog, and Paris was too big a puddle for him” (51). Lewis insists the two men continue boxing, despite Pound’s obvious lack of talent. After the match, Hemingway takes a good look at Lewis who, “did not show evil; he just looked nasty” (51). That night Hemingway tells his wife that he met the nastiest man he’s ever seen today. While meeting with Stein, Hemingway asks if she has ever met Lewis. Stein confirms, saying that she calls him the Measuring Worm because he measures the dimensions of everything he wants to paint, only to completely forget them in the actual painting.

Pound founded Bel Esprit with a woman named Miss Natalie Barney, a rich American who is a patron of the arts, with the idea being “that we would all contribute a part of whatever we earned to provide a fund to get Mr. Eliot out of the bank so he would have money to write poetry” (52). Pound was worried about T.S. Eliot who was forced to work in a bank in London and thus had no time to be a poet. After Bel Esprit was successful with Mr. Eliot, Pound decided to extend it to other struggling artists. Eventually, Bel Esprit ended when Mr. Eliot’s The Waste Land won the Dial award, and it became clear that he no longer needed the money. Hemingway concedes that the whole endeavor ended poorly for him personally, since he took his cut of the profits and bet on horses.

Chapter 13 Summary: “A Strange Enough Ending”

Hemingway’s friendship with Gertrude Stein ultimately ends, partly because, according to him “There is not much future in men being friends with great women although it can be pleasant enough before it gets better or worse, and there is usually even less future with truly ambitious women writers” (53). On one occasion, Miss Stein is leaving for a prolonged trip and asks Hemingway and Hadley to say goodbye. Hemingway, aware that he and his wife have other plans that evening, contemplates the “system of not visiting people,” or, agreeing to meet, but then not being able to attend when the event comes (54). Hemingway decides to make time for Stein anyway. He intends for a brief visit, and when he enters the maidservant makes him a drink. Then, suddenly, he hears a horrible fight from upstairs. Fearful of imposing himself onto a very private, and violent, fight, Hemingway quickly leaves. He recalls, “That was the way it finished for me, stupidly enough, although I still did the small jobs, made the necessary appearances…” (54). He notices a change in Stein after that visit. She quarrels with everyone and seems generally unhappy. Everyone grows tired of her bitterness, and Hemingway’s relationship with her is never the same.

Chapter 14 Summary: “The Man Who Was Marked for Death”

Hemingway describes a man named Ernest Walsh, a poet who is “dark, intense, faultlessly Irish…” (55). Walsh had crossed on a boat with two blonde girls who accompanied him to Pound’s apartment. Hemingway recalls that Walsh is, “clearly marked for death as a character is marked for death in a motion picture” (55). While the group converses, the girls produce a copy of Magazine of Verse so Hemingway can read some of Walsh’s poems. The girls tell Hemingway that Walsh receives $1,200 a poem. Hemingway muses that he earns $12 a page. He promises to show the girls around the different cafes in Paris. The next time Hemingway hears from Pound regarding Walsh is that he has been bailed out of Claridge’s by lady admirers of poetry. Later on, Hemingway hears that Walsh has received more financial backing from another source and will be working as a co-editor of the magazine, Dial, which gives an annual award of $1,000 for “excellence in the practice of letters by a contributor” (56).

Hemingway meets Walsh for lunch at the marennes, a very expensive and lavish café. The two begin talking about Pound and Joyce, agreeing that Pound is noble and Joyce is a great poet. Walsh says it is a tragedy that Joyce does not have better eyes, and Hemingway responds that everybody has something wrong with them. Walsh agrees but adds that Hemingway doesn’t have anything wrong with him, saying, “You’re marked for Life” (58). As the two continue eating, Walsh abruptly tells Hemingway that he is receiving the award. Hemingway thinks to himself, “You con man, making a living out of your death, Now you will con me. Con not, that thou be not conned. Death was not conning with him. It was coming all right” (58). Hemingway says that he does not feel as though he deserves the reward, “in Ernest,” playing both on his and Walsh’s shared first name and his belief that Walsh has not been living in “earnest.” Walsh is eventually forced to leave Paris after suffering two hemorrhages, and Hemingway helps see the magazine through to publication.

On another day, much later, Hemingway meets Joyce on the Boulevard St-Germain and the two share a drink at the Deux-Magots. Joyce reveals that Walsh had promised the award to him as well, and the two speculate on whether he’d also promised it to Ezra Pound.

Chapter 15 Summary: “Evan Shipman at the Lilas”

Hemingway reflects on the different writing styles of authors found in Sylvia’s library such as Turgenev, Mansfield, and Tolstoi. Of Dostoevsky he writes, “there were things unbelievable and not to be believed, but some so true they changed as you read them; facility and madness, wickedness and saintliness” (59). Of Tolstoi he writes, “Tolstoi made the writing of Stephen Crane on the Civil War seem like the brilliant imagining of a sick boy who had never seen war but had only read the battles and chronicles and seen the Brady photographs that I had read and seen at my grandparents’ house” (60). He describes having great access to literature as having a great treasure given to you (60).

After playing tennis one afternoon, Hemingway asks Pound what he really thought of Dostoevsky. Pound reveals that he has never read the Russians. Hemingway is disappointed that the man who he respects the most as a writer and a critic could not comment on Dostoevsky in good faith. While walking home from Pound’s, Hemingway stops by the sawmill where Evan Shipman lives. The wife of the sawmill owner tells Hemingway that Shipman is out with friends. Hemingway leaves a note, stating that he will be at the Lilas and asks Shipman to meet him there.

Once at the Lilas, Hemingway sees Shipman waiting for him. He describes Shipman as a “fine poet who cared about horses, writing and painting” (61). Shipman comments on Hemingway’s attire, saying that he isn’t dressed properly for fall weather. Hemingway asks how Dostoevsky could write so poorly yet making one feel so deeply. The two discuss issues of translation and how one can only read a Dostoevsky book once. Shipman reveals that the café is undergoing a change in management. He says that the waiters must be ready to be more American, which requires them to wear white jackets and shave their moustaches. Hemingway remarks, “Jean has had a moustache all his life. That’s a dragoon’s moustache. He served in a cavalry regiment” (63). Jean asks the men if they’d like more whisky and Hemingway urges him not to shave his moustache. The following Monday Hemingway returns to the Lilas to find Andre, another waiter, in a white jacket with a bare upper lip.

Chapters 11-15 Analysis

The many characters Hemingway meets during his adventures in Paris are introduced in further detail as he analyzes human nature and why people act in certain ways. Despite many of these characters excelling in their respective fields and talents, each processes a very human flaw that ultimately undermines their life and their work. Pascin is a good painter, and he’s also portrayed as a drunk and a misogynist. He treats the two models poorly, speaking to them in a way that makes everyone at the table feel uncomfortable. He tells one of them “‘You look like a poor perverted little poupee” and her response of, “Perhaps…But alive. That’s more than you” (48), both highlights his demeaning comments and ironically foreshadows his death. Each interaction Hemingway depicts and the moments of dialogue he selects simultaneously elevate the genius of the characters and emphasizes their fatal flaws.

Ezra Pound and the Bel Esprit fundraiser once again highlight the subjective nature of art and the precariousness of literary success. Ezra Pound is one of the more fondly depicted characters, and even he has an Achilles heel, prioritizing family and friends to a fault, as Hemingway sees it: “He liked the works of his friends, which is beautiful as loyalty but can be disastrous as judgment” (50). Bel Esprit is a neutral entity that seems to expose the current inner state of the writers who seek it out. Bel Esprit emphasizes Pound’s charity and Eliot’s quick rise to stardom just as surely as it emphasizes Hemingway’s impulsive, hot-and-cold methods of achieving success, as he gambles away his portion at the racetrack.

The dissolution of Hemingway and Stein’s friendship speaks to the transitory nature of time, impulses, and relationships in the Parisian literary circles. The creative bonds that are built ultimately become tangled and snap, as each character is ultimately out to forge their own path to success and sometimes even the closest friendships become too close for comfort, as when Hemingway overhears the fight between Stein and her partner. The end of their friendship is also a commentary on the gender dynamics of the time, as Hemingway blatantly states that it is ultimately not possible for a man to maintain friendships with “great women,” and especially with “truly ambitious woman writers” (53). There is a poignancy to these remarks, as they highlight a tension and a gap that exists—between genders, between writers competing for recognition—that ultimately eclipses whatever human bonds have been created. Despite their frequent disagreements, Hemingway and Stein were close colleagues, and her prominence throughout the memoir emphasizes the fact that he respected her, perhaps not despite, but because of the female ambition he cites.

Hemingway’s interactions with Ernest Walsh provide another character contrast for Hemingway, along with further themes of fate and authenticity, or “earnestness.” Walsh’s quick rise to fame and appearance as a bit of a con man sharply contrasts with Hemingway’s slow trek forward in his career and his near obsession with writing and living what is true. The fact that the two share the name “Ernest” only further emphasizes this contrast, with the name symbolizing identity and the agency of words: “‘I don’t think I deserve it, Ernest,’ I said, enjoying using my own name, that I hated, to him. ‘Besides, Ernest, it would not be ethical, Ernest’” (58). To be earnest means to act sincerely and honestly, something which Ernest (Walsh) was not doing. Walsh also comments that Hemingway is marked for life, contrasting Hemingway’s assertion that Walsh is marked for death. This distinction further polarizes the two who share the same name.

The final chapter of this section brings the topics of translation and transition to the forefront, as Hemingway contemplates the difficulty and profundity of reading Dostoevsky. As Hemingway and Evan Shipman discuss issues of translation from Russian to English and how one can never read a Dostoevsky book twice, Lilas, the beloved restaurant they occupy, is also coming under new management, taking on an American aesthetic in the hopes of attracting wealthier customers. Just like the Russian literature they discuss can never be quite the same in English, the restaurant will never be the same once it takes on the new Americanized look and standards. Their discussion of literature parallels the transition of the restaurant, as both exist in states of translation and bring up questions of literary purity and creative identity. Even the waiter, Jean, must shave his mustache, which Hemingway identifies as a masculine symbol of his time in the cavalry. This small symbol speaks to the personal essence and history that does not “translate” in a newer form, just like Jean’s wartime mustache does not translate well and must be erased for the new era at Lilas.

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