logo

47 pages 1 hour read

Nancy Farmer

A Girl Named Disaster

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 1996

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Chapters 1-12Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 1 Summary

Content Warning: The source text deals with complex themes, including child marriage, domestic violence, emotional abuse, brief suicidal ideation, and cultural displacement.

Eleven-year-old Nhamo lives in a village in Mozambique with her late mother’s family. Her aunt Chipo calls her back to the house to finish her chores while she’s foraging for fruit one day. Nhamo is reluctant to return. She stays in the bushes, studies her family’s footprints on the path, and thinks about her life in the village.

Nhamo returns to the communal storehouse and finds her cousin Masvita making a clay pot. Aunt Chipo yells for Nhamo again. Finally, Nhamo fetches water, waters and weeds the fields, and returns to the hut where Grandmother is smoking her pipe. Grandmother tells Nhamo a story about the ancient kings that she’s heard many times. Afterward, Nhamo rejoins her family. Aunt Chipo and her younger sister, Aunt Shuvai, compliment Masvita’s clay work.

Chapter 2 Summary

Nhamo sets out to collect firewood. The task can be frightening because the village is “surrounded by a forest” (6). Nhamo is most afraid of leopards because her mother was killed by a leopard when she was a toddler. Grandmother has always blamed Nhamo’s father for the incident, convinced the leopard was an angry spirit.

Nhamo wades through the stream and up to her secret place on the hill. She keeps an old magazine cover she took from a pile of scraps in a pot under a stone. She withdraws the cover and speaks to it like it’s her mother. The image depicts a woman spreading margarine on bread for a little girl. Nhamo often has tea parties with Mother but can’t imagine her father being there. He left the village when she was a baby. Mother’s family has nothing nice to say about him.

Nhamo packs up and heads home. She grows afraid when she sees a leopard near the water. Suddenly, the moon comes out and the leopard turns into “a tangle of leaves” (10).

Chapter 3 Summary

Aunt Chipo scolds Nhamo for returning home late. Nhamo tends the fire without explaining where she was. After Aunt Shuvai, Aunt Chipo, Masvita, her sister Ruva, Grandmother, and Nhamo eat, Nhamo goes to the men’s meeting room to collect their dishes. She overhears them telling a story about a woman being eaten by a man who turned into a snake. She races back to the hut, shaking. Then she tells the women about seeing the leopard. Grandmother and the aunts think it was a spirit leopard. Grandmother explains that the leopard who killed Nhamo’s mother, Runako, dragged her into the forest and ate her. They buried a cow in her place. Nhamo wishes Grandmother would explain more.

Chapter 4 Summary

Nhamo is surprised to find Masvita missing from the hut in the morning. Masvita’s father, Uncle Kufa, is gone at the trading post all day, too. When they return home, Masvita announces that she’s going to stay with her paternal aunt in the next village because she started menstruating. Nhamo loves Masvita but feels jealous.

Nhamo wanders the village feeling upset after Masvita leaves. Then she sneaks off to her secret spot to talk to Mother. During her tea party, she realizes she doesn’t have a paternal aunt and will have nowhere to go when she gets her period. Mother assures her that Grandmother will contact her father’s family when the time comes.

Nhamo returns to the village to talk to Grandmother. Grandmother reveals what she really thinks of Masvita and assures Nhamo she’s beautiful. Then she tells Nhamo about Runako’s beauty and intelligence. Runako even went away to school. Shortly thereafter, Grandmother’s husband died, and Grandmother lost her house. Afterward, the village was the only place she and her children could survive (22).

The village throws a party when Masvita returns. Nhamo watches the celebration from the bushes, but panics when she spies the leopard stalking the brush. The men search the brush, but don’t find any tracks. The party resumes and everyone starts discussing weddings and dowries.

Chapter 5 Summary

Masvita’s paternal aunt falls ill the next day. The women tend to her, but she dies. The villagers worry the illness was caused by witchcraft. At night, Nhamo comforts Masvita by telling her a lengthy story. Meanwhile, she wonders about Masvita’s aunt’s spirit.

Chapter 6 Summary

The illness spreads through the village. The villagers guess that it’s cholera, but want to contact the muvuki, or local doctor, to learn the truth. Meanwhile, the village girls spread stories about the muvuki and witches. Nhamo gets upset and attacks another girl when she accuses Mother of being a witch. Uncle Kufa breaks up the fight and Nhamo flees to the hill. She tells Mother what happened.

More villagers get sick and die. Aunt Shuvai is among them. Then one day, Masvita gets sick. Nhamo comforts Ruva by telling her more stories. Masvita starts to recover, but Aunt Chipo is still distraught. Grandmother scolds and the women start arguing. Masvita gets upset by their bickering, so Nhamo stays by her side.

After the illness passes, the villagers bury the bodies. Nhamo still feels that something is wrong.

Chapter 7 Summary

Nhamo and her family travel to see the muvuki. Nhamo thinks they’re trying to solve the question of Masvita’s continued weakness and sterility from the cholera. However, she realizes they’re seeing the muvuki about her when she notices Uncle Kufa’s, Aunt Chipo’s, and Masvita’s matching charms. The healer must have given them the charms for protection against Nhamo, who they think is a witch. Masvita gives Nhamo some of the beads.

The muvuki stalls the family’s meeting. They wait near the trading post until he’s ready to see them.

Chapter 8 Summary

Nhamo enjoys watching the activities around the trading post. One day, she hears a man playing guitar and begs Grandmother to go hear him together. Grandmother reluctantly agrees but enjoys herself once they arrive. She befriends a Portuguese trader who gives her several beers. The trader and his men like Nhamo, too.

Then Grandmother starts telling stories about Runako and her husband, Proud Jongwe. Runako ran away from school after meeting Proud and got married. She became pregnant with Nhamo shortly thereafter. When Nhamo was still a baby, Proud got into a fight with a man named Goré Mtoko at a bar one night. Goré attacked Proud. Proud defended himself, killed Goré, and fled the village thereafter.

Uncle Kufa appears, interrupting the story. They say goodbye to the traders and rejoin their family. All night, Nhamo thinks about Grandmother’s story. She can’t believe her father is a murderer and that no one was happy when she was born.

Chapter 9 Summary

Nhamo’s family sees the muvuki. The muvuki announces that a ngozi, or an angry spirit, is responsible for their family’s recent difficulties. He says that because Nhamo’s father killed a man, the murdered man’s spirit is seeking revenge. Grandmother insists that she fixed the debt by giving the family two cows. The muvuki says the payment wasn’t enough and the leopard spirit wants more. The family decides that they should marry Nhamo to Goré’s brother, Zororo, in Zimbabwe to solve the problem.

Suddenly, Goré’s spirit inhabits Aunt Chipo’s body. She starts screaming for revenge, demanding her murderer’s daughter as payment. When Grandmother protests, Kufa tells the muvuki she’s sick.

Grandmother falls quiet and ill before they leave the muvuki’s hut. Nhamo stays by her side and nurses her at the trading post.

Chapter 10 Summary

Nhamo thinks about her situation while caring for Grandmother. In the afternoons, she visits a trader named Joao and his wife Rosa. They make her food and ask after her family. They’re worried about the family’s visit to the muvuki, insisting he’s a bad man.

Joao and Rosa invite Nhamo to stay with them at the trading post when they hear about her arranged marriage. Nhamo is delighted by the idea, but fears hurting her family more. When Joao asks Kufa if she can stay, he refuses. The family departs shortly thereafter.

Chapter 11 Summary

Nhamo mentally prepares for the start of her handing-over ceremony the next day (76). She doesn’t want to marry Zororo or leave her family.

That night, Grandmother tells Nhamo her plan. She wants Nhamo to flee the village, take the late villager Crocodile Guts’s boat, and row down the river to Zimbabwe. She explains the route and urges Nhamo to find the Catholics and her father’s family. Then she gives Nhamo the gold nuggets she’s been saving. Nhamo agrees.

Chapter 12 Summary

Nhamo prepares to leave. She asks Grandmother how the spirits will feel about her decision to run away. Grandmother encourages her and they say goodbye. Nhamo retrieves her pot with the magazine cover and finds Crocodiles Guts’s boat. She feels excited to be fleeing once she’s on the water.

Chapters 1-12 Analysis

Chapters 1-12 introduce the narrative world, its central stakes and conflicts, and its primary characters and themes. The narrative is written from the third person point of view but follows the protagonist Nhamo’s experiences most closely. Therefore, Nhamo’s character and perspective inspire the narrative tensions that arise throughout these opening chapters.

Nhamo lives in a rural village in Mozambique with her late mother’s family, where she must contend with The Impact of Social and Environmental Challenges. Although she’s familiar with her surroundings and community, Nhamo is often restless. Her innate restlessness creates underlying narrative tension that foreshadows greater conflicts in the chapters to come. For example, Nhamo’s perpetual struggles to get along with Aunt Chipo and Uncle Kufa, her frequent trips to her secret hiding place on the hill to speak with her late mother, and her repeated encounters with leopards and spirits in the woods illustrate her internal unrest.

Throughout Chapters 1-12, the narrator depicts Nhamo in near-constant movement or action. Some of these activities are her responsibilities. However, her chores and pastimes also give Nhamo a way “to calm her spirit” (1). She uses her forest adventures and village tasks to quell her alienation and loneliness. Nhamo’s displacement becomes more amplified the more the narrator reveals Nhamo’s familial past. For example, revelations concerning Nhamo’s mother’s death, Nhamo’s father’s crime, and Nhamo’s family’s resentment depict Nhamo as an outsider. With Grandmother as one of her only allies in the village, Nhamo often feels alone even in her familiar environs.

Nhamo’s leopard sightings and the village’s cholera epidemic disrupt Nhamo’s otherwise predictable life. When Nhamo first encounters the leopards in Chapters 2 and 4, she’s afraid because a leopard killed her mother. The leopard has always symbolized fear and danger in her family and village for this reason (See: Symbols & Motifs). These fears are compounded when the village is overtaken by a cholera epidemic shortly thereafter. Since the community cannot explain these overlapping crises, they fear a darker power is to blame and thus seek the help of the village doctor. Instead of alleviating Nhamo’s family’s fears, the doctor blames Nhamo and her parents for the family’s recent difficulties. In Chapter 9, he tells Uncle Kufa that Goré’s “spirit wanders [...] without a resting place [and] without heirs” (60). Therefore, his spirit wants revenge because of what Nhamo’s father did to him and because of Nhamo’s family’s failure to properly repay the debt.

The family hastily decides to give Nhamo to Zororo to make amends with Goré’s spirit as soon as they learn that “the totem of Goré Motoko’s family is the leopard,” (61). While this solution promises to free Nhamo’s family from Goré’s anger, it simultaneously promises to worsen Nhamo’s loneliness and entrapment. Marrying Zororo means that Nhamo will have to leave her family and her home behind before she has reached puberty. The epidemic and the leopards have therefore caused upheaval in Nhamo’s life, thrusting her on a journey toward self-discovery and maturation.

Nhamo’s venture away from the village introduces the novel’s theme of Resilience and Personal Growth. Nhamo is still a child at the start of the novel. She has her own mind and an independent spirit. However, she’s still attached to her family and relies upon them for a sense of safety and security. She is desperate to escape her arranged marriage but feels “sick with grief” (86) when Grandmother urges her to flee to Zimbabwe on her own. Leaving the village and venturing out into the wild promises to challenge Nhamo’s character in unexpected ways. The journey also compels Nhamo to fend for herself and thus to discover who she is outside of the context of her predictable reality.

Her sadness over leaving Grandmother is entangled with her anticipation toward The Quest for Freedom and Belonging that she is about to undertake. Nhamo has always wanted independence and feels “a little thrill of excitement” (87) at liberating herself once she gets out onto the open water at the end of Chapter 12. The closing image of her sailing away from home marks the start of Nhamo’s journey out of childhood and into adulthood: She is braving the unknown and making her own way for herself, despite the associated risks.

blurred text
blurred text
blurred text
blurred text